diff --git a/exec.c b/exec.c
index 874ecfc..52e7a2a 100644
--- a/exec.c
+++ b/exec.c
@@ -2312,7 +2312,8 @@ bool address_space_rw(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint8_t *buf,
     uint64_t val;
     hwaddr addr1;
     MemoryRegion *mr;
-    bool error = false;
+    MemTxResult result = MEMTX_OK;
+    MemTxAttrs attrs = MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED;
 
     while (len > 0) {
         l = len;
@@ -2327,22 +2328,22 @@ bool address_space_rw(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint8_t *buf,
                 case 8:
                     /* 64 bit write access */
                     val = ldq_p(buf);
-                    error |= io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 8);
+                    result |= io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 8, attrs);
                     break;
                 case 4:
                     /* 32 bit write access */
                     val = ldl_p(buf);
-                    error |= io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 4);
+                    result |= io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 4, attrs);
                     break;
                 case 2:
                     /* 16 bit write access */
                     val = lduw_p(buf);
-                    error |= io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 2);
+                    result |= io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 2, attrs);
                     break;
                 case 1:
                     /* 8 bit write access */
                     val = ldub_p(buf);
-                    error |= io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 1);
+                    result |= io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 1, attrs);
                     break;
                 default:
                     abort();
@@ -2361,22 +2362,22 @@ bool address_space_rw(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint8_t *buf,
                 switch (l) {
                 case 8:
                     /* 64 bit read access */
-                    error |= io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 8);
+                    result |= io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 8, attrs);
                     stq_p(buf, val);
                     break;
                 case 4:
                     /* 32 bit read access */
-                    error |= io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 4);
+                    result |= io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 4, attrs);
                     stl_p(buf, val);
                     break;
                 case 2:
                     /* 16 bit read access */
-                    error |= io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 2);
+                    result |= io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 2, attrs);
                     stw_p(buf, val);
                     break;
                 case 1:
                     /* 8 bit read access */
-                    error |= io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 1);
+                    result |= io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 1, attrs);
                     stb_p(buf, val);
                     break;
                 default:
@@ -2393,7 +2394,7 @@ bool address_space_rw(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint8_t *buf,
         addr += l;
     }
 
-    return error;
+    return result;
 }
 
 bool address_space_write(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
@@ -2669,7 +2670,7 @@ static inline uint32_t ldl_phys_internal(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
     mr = address_space_translate(as, addr, &addr1, &l, false);
     if (l < 4 || !memory_access_is_direct(mr, false)) {
         /* I/O case */
-        io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 4);
+        io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 4, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
 #if defined(TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
         if (endian == DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
             val = bswap32(val);
@@ -2728,7 +2729,7 @@ static inline uint64_t ldq_phys_internal(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
                                  false);
     if (l < 8 || !memory_access_is_direct(mr, false)) {
         /* I/O case */
-        io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 8);
+        io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 8, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
 #if defined(TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
         if (endian == DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
             val = bswap64(val);
@@ -2795,7 +2796,7 @@ static inline uint32_t lduw_phys_internal(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr,
                                  false);
     if (l < 2 || !memory_access_is_direct(mr, false)) {
         /* I/O case */
-        io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 2);
+        io_mem_read(mr, addr1, &val, 2, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
 #if defined(TARGET_WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
         if (endian == DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
             val = bswap16(val);
@@ -2853,7 +2854,7 @@ void stl_phys_notdirty(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, uint32_t val)
     mr = address_space_translate(as, addr, &addr1, &l,
                                  true);
     if (l < 4 || !memory_access_is_direct(mr, true)) {
-        io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 4);
+        io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 4, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
     } else {
         addr1 += memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
         ptr = qemu_get_ram_ptr(addr1);
@@ -2892,7 +2893,7 @@ static inline void stl_phys_internal(AddressSpace *as,
             val = bswap32(val);
         }
 #endif
-        io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 4);
+        io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 4, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
     } else {
         /* RAM case */
         addr1 += memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
@@ -2955,7 +2956,7 @@ static inline void stw_phys_internal(AddressSpace *as,
             val = bswap16(val);
         }
 #endif
-        io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 2);
+        io_mem_write(mr, addr1, val, 2, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
     } else {
         /* RAM case */
         addr1 += memory_region_get_ram_addr(mr) & TARGET_PAGE_MASK;
diff --git a/hw/s390x/s390-pci-inst.c b/hw/s390x/s390-pci-inst.c
index 08d8aa6..78ff9c0 100644
--- a/hw/s390x/s390-pci-inst.c
+++ b/hw/s390x/s390-pci-inst.c
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ int pcilg_service_call(S390CPU *cpu, uint8_t r1, uint8_t r2)
             return 0;
         }
         MemoryRegion *mr = pbdev->pdev->io_regions[pcias].memory;
-        io_mem_read(mr, offset, &data, len);
+        io_mem_read(mr, offset, &data, len, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
     } else if (pcias == 15) {
         if ((4 - (offset & 0x3)) < len) {
             program_interrupt(env, PGM_OPERAND, 4);
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ int pcistg_service_call(S390CPU *cpu, uint8_t r1, uint8_t r2)
             mr = pbdev->pdev->io_regions[pcias].memory;
         }
 
-        io_mem_write(mr, offset, data, len);
+        io_mem_write(mr, offset, data, len, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
     } else if (pcias == 15) {
         if ((4 - (offset & 0x3)) < len) {
             program_interrupt(env, PGM_OPERAND, 4);
@@ -606,7 +606,8 @@ int pcistb_service_call(S390CPU *cpu, uint8_t r1, uint8_t r3, uint64_t gaddr)
     }
 
     for (i = 0; i < len / 8; i++) {
-        io_mem_write(mr, env->regs[r3] + i * 8, ldq_p(buffer + i * 8), 8);
+        io_mem_write(mr, env->regs[r3] + i * 8, ldq_p(buffer + i * 8), 8,
+                     MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
     }
 
     setcc(cpu, ZPCI_PCI_LS_OK);
diff --git a/hw/vfio/pci.c b/hw/vfio/pci.c
index 6b80539..3e1df0c 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/pci.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/pci.c
@@ -1533,7 +1533,7 @@ static uint64_t vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_read(void *opaque,
 
             io_mem_read(&vdev->pdev.msix_table_mmio,
                         (hwaddr)(quirk->data.address_match & 0xfff),
-                        &val, size);
+                        &val, size, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
             return val;
         }
     }
@@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ static void vfio_rtl8168_window_quirk_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
 
                 io_mem_write(&vdev->pdev.msix_table_mmio,
                              (hwaddr)(quirk->data.address_match & 0xfff),
-                             data, size);
+                             data, size, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
             }
 
             quirk->data.flags = 1;
diff --git a/include/exec/exec-all.h b/include/exec/exec-all.h
index 8eb0db3..ff1bc3e 100644
--- a/include/exec/exec-all.h
+++ b/include/exec/exec-all.h
@@ -341,10 +341,6 @@ void phys_mem_set_alloc(void *(*alloc)(size_t, uint64_t *align));
 
 struct MemoryRegion *iotlb_to_region(CPUState *cpu,
                                      hwaddr index);
-bool io_mem_read(struct MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
-                 uint64_t *pvalue, unsigned size);
-bool io_mem_write(struct MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
-                  uint64_t value, unsigned size);
 
 void tlb_fill(CPUState *cpu, target_ulong addr, int is_write, int mmu_idx,
               uintptr_t retaddr);
diff --git a/include/exec/memory.h b/include/exec/memory.h
index 703d9e5..de2849d 100644
--- a/include/exec/memory.h
+++ b/include/exec/memory.h
@@ -1053,6 +1053,18 @@ void memory_global_dirty_log_stop(void);
 void mtree_info(fprintf_function mon_printf, void *f);
 
 /**
+ * io_mem_read: perform an IO read directly to the specified MemoryRegion
+ */
+MemTxResult io_mem_read(struct MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
+                        uint64_t *pvalue, unsigned size, MemTxAttrs attrs);
+
+/**
+ * io_mem_write: perform an IO write directly to the specified MemoryRegion
+ */
+MemTxResult io_mem_write(struct MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
+                         uint64_t value, unsigned size, MemTxAttrs attrs);
+
+/**
  * address_space_init: initializes an address space
  *
  * @as: an uninitialized #AddressSpace
diff --git a/memory.c b/memory.c
index 9bb5674..14cda7f 100644
--- a/memory.c
+++ b/memory.c
@@ -2063,17 +2063,16 @@ void address_space_destroy(AddressSpace *as)
     call_rcu(as, do_address_space_destroy, rcu);
 }
 
-bool io_mem_read(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr, uint64_t *pval, unsigned size)
+MemTxResult io_mem_read(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr, uint64_t *pval,
+                        unsigned size, MemTxAttrs attrs)
 {
-    return memory_region_dispatch_read(mr, addr, pval, size,
-                                       MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
+    return memory_region_dispatch_read(mr, addr, pval, size, attrs);
 }
 
-bool io_mem_write(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
-                  uint64_t val, unsigned size)
+MemTxResult io_mem_write(MemoryRegion *mr, hwaddr addr,
+                         uint64_t val, unsigned size, MemTxAttrs attrs)
 {
-    return memory_region_dispatch_write(mr, addr, val, size,
-                                        MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
+    return memory_region_dispatch_write(mr, addr, val, size, attrs);
 }
 
 typedef struct MemoryRegionList MemoryRegionList;
diff --git a/softmmu_template.h b/softmmu_template.h
index 0e3dd35..4b9bae7 100644
--- a/softmmu_template.h
+++ b/softmmu_template.h
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ static inline DATA_TYPE glue(io_read, SUFFIX)(CPUArchState *env,
     }
 
     cpu->mem_io_vaddr = addr;
-    io_mem_read(mr, physaddr, &val, 1 << SHIFT);
+    io_mem_read(mr, physaddr, &val, 1 << SHIFT, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
     return val;
 }
 #endif
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ static inline void glue(io_write, SUFFIX)(CPUArchState *env,
 
     cpu->mem_io_vaddr = addr;
     cpu->mem_io_pc = retaddr;
-    io_mem_write(mr, physaddr, val, 1 << SHIFT);
+    io_mem_write(mr, physaddr, val, 1 << SHIFT, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED);
 }
 
 void helper_le_st_name(CPUArchState *env, target_ulong addr, DATA_TYPE val,
