From patchwork Thu Apr 5 16:16:42 2018 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Daniel Lezcano X-Patchwork-Id: 132860 Delivered-To: patch@linaro.org Received: by 10.46.84.29 with SMTP id i29csp6478807ljb; Thu, 5 Apr 2018 09:17:23 -0700 (PDT) X-Google-Smtp-Source: AIpwx4/DyRrdKMkErfNoUJFjUdcp+MPsTjg8Iir7n1hU5BBbdO/+nrjyIDf0x/d8g8S1lWTiQIpm X-Received: by 10.99.110.5 with SMTP id j5mr15514379pgc.246.1522945043190; Thu, 05 Apr 2018 09:17:23 -0700 (PDT) ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; t=1522945043; cv=none; d=google.com; s=arc-20160816; b=Tn29MbtZoXMx9lg3HkBEbjHdctpyqY19zUWDmKmvqQH7wk08DtsYlrC4ujit+x8ndY zKWJzFpAB3QwUai3Vn6lGdblLnPjS5NorEN4A4mM/jp6AxzDatHLmXN/t5B9pdlZEmBH eMOXp5KDRVTWrF7b6+SsDpGP1r+raeYwIbezNRqVRSpfS2N1yKgjClwjW661nZnsJoKl hjw2xJaWfq6dTlE8uoVEmRoFjy5XUfe/INj5cQ6yYKyvCjPzy1sEwrVcO2N6vsKAkQw1 fnuAtc+CqAUc17wTipZsbf4V/dmkJCDrtF1CD/5ceJTEH71G8QI1jjyppJFx2lcOb+Pk RP5w== ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=google.com; s=arc-20160816; h=list-id:precedence:sender:content-transfer-encoding:mime-version :references:in-reply-to:message-id:date:subject:cc:to:from :dkim-signature:arc-authentication-results; bh=ck89oJBdVzVKmOxU5jKUdkTzvq18hyAz29qbhAvdUzg=; b=ImN5aYp30Mn6XJUDn6rNcxIyNneW7xVAWrOUuTUcLi80XvZI37jzEGk/S7bxPbbF2c LgNlpEjTIsHvWrH+y2oAyOC6EDNLSCz1Y3AnPIUomuxyceeLJBeppbbkDJ3DzHchuF/o pW/CEBVI/4kQtz8x2WRgl1APYF0daEdFt5MFk6qoeO/QSZVsPeEH5ykGdmH7t3zRWdSm 3o/DlVYgiHCJBHrY1FnrsyOrdgq2MiAoliAMXI5uFX9U1ZEAIqCsU3BXL399AIJO4lwX WFJvGzXRTxLnBlElu32H9Krah4zLpc8I6jDDHG5D8yEM7cAjpW9Xu+Q5JEKA2JlhezGU E+qw== ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@linaro.org header.s=google header.b=cRUCm+eT; spf=pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 209.132.180.67 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=NONE sp=NONE dis=NONE) header.from=linaro.org Return-Path: Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org. [209.132.180.67]) by mx.google.com with ESMTP id a17si5649311pgn.429.2018.04.05.09.17.22; Thu, 05 Apr 2018 09:17:23 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 209.132.180.67 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.132.180.67; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@linaro.org header.s=google header.b=cRUCm+eT; spf=pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 209.132.180.67 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=NONE sp=NONE dis=NONE) header.from=linaro.org Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1751869AbeDEQRS (ORCPT + 29 others); Thu, 5 Apr 2018 12:17:18 -0400 Received: from mail-wr0-f169.google.com ([209.85.128.169]:46875 "EHLO mail-wr0-f169.google.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1751722AbeDEQRO (ORCPT ); Thu, 5 Apr 2018 12:17:14 -0400 Received: by mail-wr0-f169.google.com with SMTP id d1so29349080wrj.13 for ; Thu, 05 Apr 2018 09:17:13 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=linaro.org; s=google; h=from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to:references :mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=ck89oJBdVzVKmOxU5jKUdkTzvq18hyAz29qbhAvdUzg=; b=cRUCm+eT4gQzT7d3U1rRXEUiGZ47Bbri35vigkWlAer+ehovhyozq1SvegPcKQpgCO mKuLxidzflzsSONkbOMwfvU10PiUZhGeEonSUVIssVwpjfUj7PTDAHXYFMZ/bPqnLMYA 9xbywx1lUFqOQCgHWDOCXWLRtxxKGV8TOi1Sk= X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to :references:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=ck89oJBdVzVKmOxU5jKUdkTzvq18hyAz29qbhAvdUzg=; b=s0VtcROrNoQW+PkRlrLvRVuhbFcy5afsYL1lwhhXGwH81LOCFRXz0s762CKdLRYGyk 1Ooa4BID/wz1+jsbeaF8RneQ23LG7mNMhxVU/wAWZDU01qKBDLuXOFaeN2A7xxtjnW4z TTb9qSMIGt6GuUWqgrlOXAbPdNsCCGsKgB9VmYQREs4PWLVUpmBpMaQISqzfZg6+C68o ksYXnRVcLbDmOtnz4+0aVU2cqD1SyQXLk6IRXxjBqLXPU+BVfL6umRFhA/ebWrMA+tNk pecCbkgjyhk0oEZYTCuyL4HC1KrhWvFg7H2HdYVKtEDTiBT5h0fOOyNeTfbC+vFvTsx9 PMDg== X-Gm-Message-State: AElRT7E2Kgqb2PTcbWv0fMrjlMR7cdhDbA/nxKdiPgoZ2w6QXH3oRxaj pkqWjx9ju9LH+6HPpb/2rZLePw== X-Received: by 10.223.220.77 with SMTP id m13mr15422609wrj.274.1522945033006; Thu, 05 Apr 2018 09:17:13 -0700 (PDT) Received: from localhost.localdomain ([2a01:e35:879a:6cd0:d9b6:ce30:b76c:2e56]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id 39sm16103904wry.89.2018.04.05.09.17.11 (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA bits=128/128); Thu, 05 Apr 2018 09:17:12 -0700 (PDT) From: Daniel Lezcano To: viresh.kumar@linaro.org, edubezval@gmail.com Cc: kevin.wangtao@linaro.org, leo.yan@linaro.org, vincent.guittot@linaro.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, javi.merino@kernel.org, rui.zhang@intel.com, daniel.thompson@linaro.org, linux-pm@vger.kernel.org, Jonathan Corbet , linux-doc@vger.kernel.org (open list:DOCUMENTATION) Subject: [PATCH v3 5/7] thermal/drivers/cpu_cooling: Add idle cooling device documentation Date: Thu, 5 Apr 2018 18:16:42 +0200 Message-Id: <1522945005-7165-6-git-send-email-daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.7.4 In-Reply-To: <1522945005-7165-1-git-send-email-daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> References: <1522945005-7165-1-git-send-email-daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Provide some documentation for the idle injection cooling effect in order to let people to understand the rational of the approach for the idle injection CPU cooling device. Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano --- Documentation/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.txt | 166 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 166 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.txt -- 2.7.4 diff --git a/Documentation/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.txt b/Documentation/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..457cd99 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/thermal/cpu-idle-cooling.txt @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ + +Situation: +---------- + +Under certain circumstances a SoC can reach the maximum temperature +limit or is unable to stabilize the temperature around a temperature +control. When the SoC has to stabilize the temperature, the kernel can +act on a cooling device to mitigate the dissipated power. When the +maximum temperature is reached and to prevent a reboot or a shutdown, +a decision must be taken to reduce the temperature under the critical +threshold, that impacts the performance. + +Another situation is when the silicon reaches a certain temperature +which continues to increase even if the dynamic leakage is reduced to +its minimum by clock gating the component. The runaway phenomena will +continue with the static leakage and only powering down the component, +thus dropping the dynamic and static leakage will allow the component +to cool down. + +Last but not least, the system can ask for a specific power budget but +because of the OPP density, we can only choose an OPP with a power +budget lower than the requested one and underuse the CPU, thus losing +performances. In other words, one OPP under uses the CPU with a power +lesser than the power budget and the next OPP exceed the power budget, +an intermediate OPP could have been used if it were present. + +Solutions: +---------- + +If we can remove the static and the dynamic leakage for a specific +duration in a controlled period, the SoC temperature will +decrease. Acting at the idle state duration or the idle cycle +injection period, we can mitigate the temperature by modulating the +power budget. + +The Operating Performance Point (OPP) density has a great influence on +the control precision of cpufreq, however different vendors have a +plethora of OPP density, and some have large power gap between OPPs, +that will result in loss of performance during thermal control and +loss of power in other scenes. + +At a specific OPP, we can assume injecting idle cycle on all CPUs, +belonging to the same cluster, with a duration greater than the +cluster idle state target residency, we drop the static and the +dynamic leakage for this period (modulo the energy needed to enter +this state). So the sustainable power with idle cycles has a linear +relation with the OPP’s sustainable power and can be computed with a +coefficient similar to: + + Power(IdleCycle) = Coef x Power(OPP) + +Idle Injection: +--------------- + +The base concept of the idle injection is to force the CPU to go to an +idle state for a specified time each control cycle, it provides +another way to control CPU power and heat in addition to +cpufreq. Ideally, if all CPUs belonging to the same cluster, inject +their idle cycle synchronously, the cluster can reach its power down +state with a minimum power consumption and static leakage +drop. However, these idle cycles injection will add extra latencies as +the CPUs will have to wakeup from a deep sleep state. + + ^ + | + | + |------- ------- ------- + |_______|_____|_______|_____|_______|___________ + + <-----> + idle <----> + running + +With the fixed idle injection duration, we can give a value which is +an acceptable performance drop off or latency when we reach a specific +temperature and we begin to mitigate by varying the Idle injection +period. + +The mitigation begins with a maximum period value which decrease when +more cooling effect is requested. When the period duration is equal to +the idle duration, then we are in a situation the platform can’t +dissipate the heat enough and the mitigation fails. In this case the +situation is considered critical and there is nothing to do. The idle +injection duration must be changed by configuration and until we reach +the cooling effect, otherwise an additionnal cooling device must be +used or ultimately decrease the SoC performance by dropping the +highest OPP point of the SoC. + +The idle injection duration value must comply with the constraints: + +- It is lesser or equal to the latency we tolerate when the mitigation + begins. It is platform dependent and will depend on the user + experience, reactivity vs performance trade off we want. This value + should be specified. + +- It is greater than the idle state’s target residency we want to go + for thermal mitigation, otherwise we end up consuming more energy. + +Minimum period +-------------- + +The idle injection duration being fixed, it is obvious the minimum +period can’t be lesser than that, otherwise we will be scheduling the +idle injection task right before the idle injection duration is +complete, so waking up the CPU to put it asleep again. + +Maximum period +-------------- + +The maximum period is the initial period when the mitigation +begins. Theoretically when we reach the thermal trip point, we have to +sustain a specified power for specific temperature but at this time we +consume: + + Power = Capacitance x Voltage^2 x Frequency x Utilisation + +... which is more than the sustainable power (or there is something +wrong on the system setup). The ‘Capacitance’ and ‘Utilisation’ are a +fixed value, ‘Voltage’ and the ‘Frequency’ are fixed artificially +because we don’t want to change the OPP. We can group the +‘Capacitance’ and the ‘Utilisation’ into a single term which is the +‘Dynamic Power Coefficient (Cdyn)’ Simplifying the above, we have: + + Pdyn = Cdyn x Voltage^2 x Frequency + +The IPA will ask us somehow to reduce our power in order to target the +sustainable power defined in the device tree. So with the idle +injection mechanism, we want an average power (Ptarget) resulting on +an amount of time running at full power on a specific OPP and idle +another amount of time. That could be put in a equation: + + P(opp)target = ((trunning x (P(opp)running) + (tidle P(opp)idle)) / + (trunning + tidle) + ... + + tidle = trunning x ((P(opp)running / P(opp)target) - 1) + +At this point if we know the running period for the CPU, that gives us +the idle injection, we need. Alternatively if we have the idle +injection duration, we can compute the running duration with: + + trunning = tidle / ((P(opp)running / P(opp)target) - 1) + +Practically, if the running power is lesses than the targeted power, +we end up with a negative time value, so obviously the equation usage +is bound to a power reduction, hence a higher OPP is needed to have +the running power greater than the targeted power. + +However, in this demonstration we ignore three aspects: + + * The static leakage is not defined here, we can introduce it in the + equation but assuming it will be zero most of the time as it is + difficult to get the values from the SoC vendors + + * The idle state wake up latency (or entry + exit latency) is not + taken into account, it must be added in the equation in order to + rigorously compute the idle injection + + * The injected idle duration must be greater than the idle state + target residency, otherwise we end up consuming more energy and + potentially invert the mitigation effect + +So the final equation is: + + trunning = (tidle - twakeup ) x + (((P(opp)dyn + P(opp)static ) - P(opp)target) / P(opp)target )