diff --git a/drivers/iommu/iommufd/device.c b/drivers/iommu/iommufd/device.c
index e66303c17c894c..3fd623208c691f 100644
--- a/drivers/iommu/iommufd/device.c
+++ b/drivers/iommu/iommufd/device.c
@@ -15,13 +15,121 @@ MODULE_PARM_DESC(
 	"Allow IOMMUFD to bind to devices even if the platform cannot isolate "
 	"the MSI interrupt window. Enabling this is a security weakness.");
 
+static void iommufd_group_release(struct kref *kref)
+{
+	struct iommufd_group *igroup =
+		container_of(kref, struct iommufd_group, ref);
+
+	xa_cmpxchg(&igroup->ictx->groups, iommu_group_id(igroup->group), igroup,
+		   NULL, GFP_KERNEL);
+	iommu_group_put(igroup->group);
+	kfree(igroup);
+}
+
+static void iommufd_put_group(struct iommufd_group *group)
+{
+	kref_put(&group->ref, iommufd_group_release);
+}
+
+static bool iommufd_group_try_get(struct iommufd_group *igroup,
+				  struct iommu_group *group)
+{
+	if (!igroup)
+		return false;
+	/*
+	 * group ID's cannot be re-used until the group is put back which does
+	 * not happen if we could get an igroup pointer under the xa_lock.
+	 */
+	if (WARN_ON(igroup->group != group))
+		return false;
+	return kref_get_unless_zero(&igroup->ref);
+}
+
+/*
+ * iommufd needs to store some more data for each iommu_group, we keep a
+ * parallel xarray indexed by iommu_group id to hold this instead of putting it
+ * in the core structure. To keep things simple the iommufd_group memory is
+ * unique within the iommufd_ctx. This makes it easy to check there are no
+ * memory leaks.
+ */
+static struct iommufd_group *iommufd_get_group(struct iommufd_ctx *ictx,
+					       struct device *dev)
+{
+	struct iommufd_group *new_igroup;
+	struct iommufd_group *cur_igroup;
+	struct iommufd_group *igroup;
+	struct iommu_group *group;
+	unsigned int id;
+
+	group = iommu_group_get(dev);
+	if (!group)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
+
+	id = iommu_group_id(group);
+
+	xa_lock(&ictx->groups);
+	igroup = xa_load(&ictx->groups, id);
+	if (iommufd_group_try_get(igroup, group)) {
+		xa_unlock(&ictx->groups);
+		iommu_group_put(group);
+		return igroup;
+	}
+	xa_unlock(&ictx->groups);
+
+	new_igroup = kzalloc(sizeof(*new_igroup), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!new_igroup) {
+		iommu_group_put(group);
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	}
+
+	kref_init(&new_igroup->ref);
+	/* group reference moves into new_igroup */
+	new_igroup->group = group;
+
+	/*
+	 * The ictx is not additionally refcounted here becase all objects using
+	 * an igroup must put it before their destroy completes.
+	 */
+	new_igroup->ictx = ictx;
+
+	/*
+	 * We dropped the lock so igroup is invalid. NULL is a safe and likely
+	 * value to assume for the xa_cmpxchg algorithm.
+	 */
+	cur_igroup = NULL;
+	xa_lock(&ictx->groups);
+	while (true) {
+		igroup = __xa_cmpxchg(&ictx->groups, id, cur_igroup, new_igroup,
+				      GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (xa_is_err(igroup)) {
+			xa_unlock(&ictx->groups);
+			iommufd_put_group(new_igroup);
+			return ERR_PTR(xa_err(igroup));
+		}
+
+		/* new_group was successfully installed */
+		if (cur_igroup == igroup) {
+			xa_unlock(&ictx->groups);
+			return new_igroup;
+		}
+
+		/* Check again if the current group is any good */
+		if (iommufd_group_try_get(igroup, group)) {
+			xa_unlock(&ictx->groups);
+			iommufd_put_group(new_igroup);
+			return igroup;
+		}
+		cur_igroup = igroup;
+	}
+}
+
 void iommufd_device_destroy(struct iommufd_object *obj)
 {
 	struct iommufd_device *idev =
 		container_of(obj, struct iommufd_device, obj);
 
 	iommu_device_release_dma_owner(idev->dev);
-	iommu_group_put(idev->group);
+	iommufd_put_group(idev->igroup);
 	if (!iommufd_selftest_is_mock_dev(idev->dev))
 		iommufd_ctx_put(idev->ictx);
 }
@@ -46,7 +154,7 @@ struct iommufd_device *iommufd_device_bind(struct iommufd_ctx *ictx,
 					   struct device *dev, u32 *id)
 {
 	struct iommufd_device *idev;
-	struct iommu_group *group;
+	struct iommufd_group *igroup;
 	int rc;
 
 	/*
@@ -56,9 +164,9 @@ struct iommufd_device *iommufd_device_bind(struct iommufd_ctx *ictx,
 	if (!device_iommu_capable(dev, IOMMU_CAP_CACHE_COHERENCY))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 
-	group = iommu_group_get(dev);
-	if (!group)
-		return ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
+	igroup = iommufd_get_group(ictx, dev);
+	if (IS_ERR(igroup))
+		return ERR_CAST(igroup);
 
 	/*
 	 * For historical compat with VFIO the insecure interrupt path is
@@ -67,7 +175,7 @@ struct iommufd_device *iommufd_device_bind(struct iommufd_ctx *ictx,
 	 * interrupt outside this iommufd context.
 	 */
 	if (!iommufd_selftest_is_mock_dev(dev) &&
-	    !iommu_group_has_isolated_msi(group)) {
+	    !iommu_group_has_isolated_msi(igroup->group)) {
 		if (!allow_unsafe_interrupts) {
 			rc = -EPERM;
 			goto out_group_put;
@@ -97,8 +205,8 @@ struct iommufd_device *iommufd_device_bind(struct iommufd_ctx *ictx,
 		device_iommu_capable(dev, IOMMU_CAP_ENFORCE_CACHE_COHERENCY);
 	/* The calling driver is a user until iommufd_device_unbind() */
 	refcount_inc(&idev->obj.users);
-	/* group refcount moves into iommufd_device */
-	idev->group = group;
+	/* igroup refcount moves into iommufd_device */
+	idev->igroup = igroup;
 
 	/*
 	 * If the caller fails after this success it must call
@@ -113,7 +221,7 @@ struct iommufd_device *iommufd_device_bind(struct iommufd_ctx *ictx,
 out_release_owner:
 	iommu_device_release_dma_owner(dev);
 out_group_put:
-	iommu_group_put(group);
+	iommufd_put_group(igroup);
 	return ERR_PTR(rc);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_NS_GPL(iommufd_device_bind, IOMMUFD);
@@ -170,14 +278,14 @@ static int iommufd_device_setup_msi(struct iommufd_device *idev,
 }
 
 static bool iommufd_hw_pagetable_has_group(struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt,
-					   struct iommu_group *group)
+					   struct iommufd_group *igroup)
 {
 	struct iommufd_device *cur_dev;
 
 	lockdep_assert_held(&hwpt->devices_lock);
 
 	list_for_each_entry(cur_dev, &hwpt->devices, devices_item)
-		if (cur_dev->group == group)
+		if (cur_dev->igroup->group == igroup->group)
 			return true;
 	return false;
 }
@@ -211,7 +319,8 @@ int iommufd_hw_pagetable_attach(struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt,
 	}
 
 	rc = iopt_table_enforce_group_resv_regions(&hwpt->ioas->iopt, idev->dev,
-						   idev->group, &sw_msi_start);
+						   idev->igroup->group,
+						   &sw_msi_start);
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;
 
@@ -223,8 +332,8 @@ int iommufd_hw_pagetable_attach(struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt,
 	 * FIXME: Hack around missing a device-centric iommu api, only attach to
 	 * the group once for the first device that is in the group.
 	 */
-	if (!iommufd_hw_pagetable_has_group(hwpt, idev->group)) {
-		rc = iommu_attach_group(hwpt->domain, idev->group);
+	if (!iommufd_hw_pagetable_has_group(hwpt, idev->igroup)) {
+		rc = iommu_attach_group(hwpt->domain, idev->igroup->group);
 		if (rc)
 			goto err_unresv;
 	}
@@ -237,8 +346,8 @@ int iommufd_hw_pagetable_attach(struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt,
 void iommufd_hw_pagetable_detach(struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt,
 				 struct iommufd_device *idev)
 {
-	if (!iommufd_hw_pagetable_has_group(hwpt, idev->group))
-		iommu_detach_group(hwpt->domain, idev->group);
+	if (!iommufd_hw_pagetable_has_group(hwpt, idev->igroup))
+		iommu_detach_group(hwpt->domain, idev->igroup->group);
 	iopt_remove_reserved_iova(&hwpt->ioas->iopt, idev->dev);
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/iommu/iommufd/iommufd_private.h b/drivers/iommu/iommufd/iommufd_private.h
index d523ef12890e1e..2544f10dae9aef 100644
--- a/drivers/iommu/iommufd/iommufd_private.h
+++ b/drivers/iommu/iommufd/iommufd_private.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ struct iommufd_device;
 struct iommufd_ctx {
 	struct file *file;
 	struct xarray objects;
+	struct xarray groups;
 
 	u8 account_mode;
 	/* Compatibility with VFIO no iommu */
@@ -262,6 +263,12 @@ void iommufd_hw_pagetable_detach(struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt,
 				 struct iommufd_device *idev);
 void iommufd_hw_pagetable_destroy(struct iommufd_object *obj);
 
+struct iommufd_group {
+	struct kref ref;
+	struct iommufd_ctx *ictx;
+	struct iommu_group *group;
+};
+
 /*
  * A iommufd_device object represents the binding relationship between a
  * consuming driver and the iommufd. These objects are created/destroyed by
@@ -270,12 +277,12 @@ void iommufd_hw_pagetable_destroy(struct iommufd_object *obj);
 struct iommufd_device {
 	struct iommufd_object obj;
 	struct iommufd_ctx *ictx;
+	struct iommufd_group *igroup;
 	struct iommufd_hw_pagetable *hwpt;
 	/* Head at iommufd_hw_pagetable::devices */
 	struct list_head devices_item;
 	/* always the physical device */
 	struct device *dev;
-	struct iommu_group *group;
 	bool enforce_cache_coherency;
 };
 
diff --git a/drivers/iommu/iommufd/main.c b/drivers/iommu/iommufd/main.c
index 3fbe636c3d8a69..e5ed5dfa91a0b5 100644
--- a/drivers/iommu/iommufd/main.c
+++ b/drivers/iommu/iommufd/main.c
@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ static int iommufd_fops_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
 	}
 
 	xa_init_flags(&ictx->objects, XA_FLAGS_ALLOC1 | XA_FLAGS_ACCOUNT);
+	xa_init(&ictx->groups);
 	ictx->file = filp;
 	filp->private_data = ictx;
 	return 0;
@@ -218,6 +219,7 @@ static int iommufd_fops_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
 		if (WARN_ON(!destroyed))
 			break;
 	}
+	WARN_ON(!xa_empty(&ictx->groups));
 	kfree(ictx);
 	return 0;
 }
