From patchwork Wed Aug 24 08:31:04 2022 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Patchwork-Submitter: Luca Ceresoli X-Patchwork-Id: 599854 Return-Path: X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.0 (2014-02-07) on aws-us-west-2-korg-lkml-1.web.codeaurora.org Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org [23.128.96.18]) by smtp.lore.kernel.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 9FE50C00140 for ; Wed, 24 Aug 2022 08:31:25 +0000 (UTC) Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S235798AbiHXIbY (ORCPT ); Wed, 24 Aug 2022 04:31:24 -0400 Received: from lindbergh.monkeyblade.net ([23.128.96.19]:46354 "EHLO lindbergh.monkeyblade.net" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S235780AbiHXIbU (ORCPT ); Wed, 24 Aug 2022 04:31:20 -0400 Received: from relay4-d.mail.gandi.net (relay4-d.mail.gandi.net [IPv6:2001:4b98:dc4:8::224]) by lindbergh.monkeyblade.net (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 1C94F37FB4; Wed, 24 Aug 2022 01:31:17 -0700 (PDT) Received: from booty.fritz.box (unknown [77.244.183.192]) (Authenticated sender: luca.ceresoli@bootlin.com) by mail.gandi.net (Postfix) with ESMTPA id 0FDB0E0003; Wed, 24 Aug 2022 08:31:14 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=bootlin.com; s=gm1; t=1661329876; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version: content-transfer-encoding:content-transfer-encoding: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references; bh=3VXYRvC0SmaRqexZXs3EgT1goVq32KsT0QkPKc8I7RY=; b=j2gmv8cAOHqkcL0fEALKNrEaDdLxZHURkndIFGEKOuQIbF3hshOFmbN6KaBF40zNxfLHDc /MHOVrBvacG2DAIllBOttXl1dGLnFoHVsqZadSZuZKQHnka75nx0HlHb3tkYBT9FKsoyw/ Bfvme1XZXYNrd9Nm90TP2gKCcMGrF//PRzEp4ytndEu0vL/kZh2BguZTJoE5tyBZbY6ffq YJhxfMpc2Fwq3abVn1v8DjPKrCsdgNv/MU9H1eDSrQmLyDvfgFi8ZwfQ+dChzqtuBVwj2h Sh5aH2fMRNLhDQqJPIgtVvjBa6wnpQAnZ6iFW7XoZ8dTU1fy/1Mc/hUub/DNHw== From: luca.ceresoli@bootlin.com To: linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-i2c@vger.kernel.org Cc: Luca Ceresoli , Wolfram Sang , Peter Rosin , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Thomas Petazzoni Subject: [PATCH v3 3/3] docs: i2c: i2c-topology: reorder sections more logically Date: Wed, 24 Aug 2022 10:31:04 +0200 Message-Id: <20220824083104.2267000-4-luca.ceresoli@bootlin.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.34.1 In-Reply-To: <20220824083104.2267000-1-luca.ceresoli@bootlin.com> References: <20220824083104.2267000-1-luca.ceresoli@bootlin.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-i2c@vger.kernel.org From: Luca Ceresoli The sequence of sections is a bit confusing here: * we list the mux locking scheme for existing drivers before introducing what mux locking schemes are * we list the caveats for each locking scheme (which are tricky) before the example of the simple use case Restructure it entirely with the following logic: * Intro ("I2C muxes and complex topologies") * Locking - mux-locked - example - caveats - parent-locked - example - caveats * Complex examples * Mux type of existing device drivers While there, also apply some other improvements: * convert the caveat list from a table (with only one column carrying content) to a bullet list. * add a small introductory text to bridge the gap from listing the use cases to telling about the hardware components to handle them and then the device drivers that implement those. * make empty lines usage more uniform Signed-off-by: Luca Ceresoli Acked-by: Peter Rosin --- Changed in v3: - rebased on the "fix typo" patch that was moved on top - removed extra empty line (Peter) - new syntax for the caveat list, keeping the "caveat ID" tag (Peter) Changed in v2: none --- Documentation/i2c/i2c-topology.rst | 211 ++++++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 114 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-) diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/i2c-topology.rst b/Documentation/i2c/i2c-topology.rst index 326a1198551e..48fce0f7491b 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/i2c-topology.rst +++ b/Documentation/i2c/i2c-topology.rst @@ -16,7 +16,10 @@ Some example use cases are: from the I2C bus, at least most of the time, and sits behind a gate that has to be operated before the device can be accessed. -These constructs are represented as I2C adapter trees by Linux, where +Several types of hardware components such as I2C muxes, I2C gates and I2C +arbitrators allow to handle such needs. + +These components are represented as I2C adapter trees by Linux, where each adapter has a parent adapter (except the root adapter) and zero or more child adapters. The root adapter is the actual adapter that issues I2C transfers, and all adapters with a parent are part of an "i2c-mux" @@ -34,46 +37,7 @@ Locking ======= There are two variants of locking available to I2C muxes, they can be -mux-locked or parent-locked muxes. As is evident from below, it can be -useful to know if a mux is mux-locked or if it is parent-locked. The -following list was correct at the time of writing: - -In drivers/i2c/muxes/: - -====================== ============================================= -i2c-arb-gpio-challenge Parent-locked -i2c-mux-gpio Normally parent-locked, mux-locked iff - all involved gpio pins are controlled by the - same I2C root adapter that they mux. -i2c-mux-gpmux Normally parent-locked, mux-locked iff - specified in device-tree. -i2c-mux-ltc4306 Mux-locked -i2c-mux-mlxcpld Parent-locked -i2c-mux-pca9541 Parent-locked -i2c-mux-pca954x Parent-locked -i2c-mux-pinctrl Normally parent-locked, mux-locked iff - all involved pinctrl devices are controlled - by the same I2C root adapter that they mux. -i2c-mux-reg Parent-locked -====================== ============================================= - -In drivers/iio/: - -====================== ============================================= -gyro/mpu3050 Mux-locked -imu/inv_mpu6050/ Mux-locked -====================== ============================================= - -In drivers/media/: - -======================= ============================================= -dvb-frontends/lgdt3306a Mux-locked -dvb-frontends/m88ds3103 Parent-locked -dvb-frontends/rtl2830 Parent-locked -dvb-frontends/rtl2832 Mux-locked -dvb-frontends/si2168 Mux-locked -usb/cx231xx/ Parent-locked -======================= ============================================= +mux-locked or parent-locked muxes. Mux-locked muxes @@ -88,40 +52,8 @@ full transaction, unrelated I2C transfers may interleave the different stages of the transaction. This has the benefit that the mux driver may be easier and cleaner to implement, but it has some caveats. -==== ===================================================================== -ML1. If you build a topology with a mux-locked mux being the parent - of a parent-locked mux, this might break the expectation from the - parent-locked mux that the root adapter is locked during the - transaction. - -ML2. It is not safe to build arbitrary topologies with two (or more) - mux-locked muxes that are not siblings, when there are address - collisions between the devices on the child adapters of these - non-sibling muxes. - - I.e. the select-transfer-deselect transaction targeting e.g. device - address 0x42 behind mux-one may be interleaved with a similar - operation targeting device address 0x42 behind mux-two. The - intent with such a topology would in this hypothetical example - be that mux-one and mux-two should not be selected simultaneously, - but mux-locked muxes do not guarantee that in all topologies. - -ML3. A mux-locked mux cannot be used by a driver for auto-closing - gates/muxes, i.e. something that closes automatically after a given - number (one, in most cases) of I2C transfers. Unrelated I2C transfers - may creep in and close prematurely. - -ML4. If any non-I2C operation in the mux driver changes the I2C mux state, - the driver has to lock the root adapter during that operation. - Otherwise garbage may appear on the bus as seen from devices - behind the mux, when an unrelated I2C transfer is in flight during - the non-I2C mux-changing operation. -==== ===================================================================== - - Mux-locked Example ------------------- - +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :: @@ -152,6 +84,43 @@ This means that accesses to D2 are lockout out for the full duration of the entire operation. But accesses to D3 are possibly interleaved at any point. +Mux-locked caveats +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +When using a mux-locked mux, be aware of the following restrictions: + +[ML1] + If you build a topology with a mux-locked mux being the parent + of a parent-locked mux, this might break the expectation from the + parent-locked mux that the root adapter is locked during the + transaction. + +[ML2] + It is not safe to build arbitrary topologies with two (or more) + mux-locked muxes that are not siblings, when there are address + collisions between the devices on the child adapters of these + non-sibling muxes. + + I.e. the select-transfer-deselect transaction targeting e.g. device + address 0x42 behind mux-one may be interleaved with a similar + operation targeting device address 0x42 behind mux-two. The + intent with such a topology would in this hypothetical example + be that mux-one and mux-two should not be selected simultaneously, + but mux-locked muxes do not guarantee that in all topologies. + +[ML3] + A mux-locked mux cannot be used by a driver for auto-closing + gates/muxes, i.e. something that closes automatically after a given + number (one, in most cases) of I2C transfers. Unrelated I2C transfers + may creep in and close prematurely. + +[ML4] + If any non-I2C operation in the mux driver changes the I2C mux state, + the driver has to lock the root adapter during that operation. + Otherwise garbage may appear on the bus as seen from devices + behind the mux, when an unrelated I2C transfer is in flight during + the non-I2C mux-changing operation. + Parent-locked muxes ------------------- @@ -160,28 +129,10 @@ Parent-locked muxes lock the parent adapter during the full select- transfer-deselect transaction. The implication is that the mux driver has to ensure that any and all I2C transfers through that parent adapter during the transaction are unlocked I2C transfers (using e.g. -__i2c_transfer), or a deadlock will follow. There are a couple of -caveats. - -==== ==================================================================== -PL1. If you build a topology with a parent-locked mux being the child - of another mux, this might break a possible assumption from the - child mux that the root adapter is unused between its select op - and the actual transfer (e.g. if the child mux is auto-closing - and the parent mux issues I2C transfers as part of its select). - This is especially the case if the parent mux is mux-locked, but - it may also happen if the parent mux is parent-locked. - -PL2. If select/deselect calls out to other subsystems such as gpio, - pinctrl, regmap or iio, it is essential that any I2C transfers - caused by these subsystems are unlocked. This can be convoluted to - accomplish, maybe even impossible if an acceptably clean solution - is sought. -==== ==================================================================== - +__i2c_transfer), or a deadlock will follow. Parent-locked Example ---------------------- +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ :: @@ -211,10 +162,30 @@ When there is an access to D1, this happens: 9. M1 unlocks its parent adapter. 10. M1 unlocks muxes on its parent. - This means that accesses to both D2 and D3 are locked out for the full duration of the entire operation. +Parent-locked Caveats +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +When using a parent-locked mux, be aware of the following restrictions: + +[PL1] + If you build a topology with a parent-locked mux being the child + of another mux, this might break a possible assumption from the + child mux that the root adapter is unused between its select op + and the actual transfer (e.g. if the child mux is auto-closing + and the parent mux issues I2C transfers as part of its select). + This is especially the case if the parent mux is mux-locked, but + it may also happen if the parent mux is parent-locked. + +[PL2] + If select/deselect calls out to other subsystems such as gpio, + pinctrl, regmap or iio, it is essential that any I2C transfers + caused by these subsystems are unlocked. This can be convoluted to + accomplish, maybe even impossible if an acceptably clean solution + is sought. + Complex Examples ================ @@ -260,8 +231,10 @@ This is a good topology:: When device D1 is accessed, accesses to D2 are locked out for the full duration of the operation (muxes on the top child adapter of M1 are locked). But accesses to D3 and D4 are possibly interleaved at -any point. Accesses to D3 locks out D1 and D2, but accesses to D4 -are still possibly interleaved. +any point. + +Accesses to D3 locks out D1 and D2, but accesses to D4 are still possibly +interleaved. Mux-locked mux as parent of parent-locked mux @@ -393,3 +366,47 @@ This is a good topology:: When D1 or D2 are accessed, accesses to D3 and D4 are locked out while accesses to D5 may interleave. When D3 or D4 are accessed, accesses to all other devices are locked out. + + +Mux type of existing device drivers +=================================== + +Whether a device is mux-locked or parent-locked depends on its +implementation. The following list was correct at the time of writing: + +In drivers/i2c/muxes/: + +====================== ============================================= +i2c-arb-gpio-challenge Parent-locked +i2c-mux-gpio Normally parent-locked, mux-locked iff + all involved gpio pins are controlled by the + same I2C root adapter that they mux. +i2c-mux-gpmux Normally parent-locked, mux-locked iff + specified in device-tree. +i2c-mux-ltc4306 Mux-locked +i2c-mux-mlxcpld Parent-locked +i2c-mux-pca9541 Parent-locked +i2c-mux-pca954x Parent-locked +i2c-mux-pinctrl Normally parent-locked, mux-locked iff + all involved pinctrl devices are controlled + by the same I2C root adapter that they mux. +i2c-mux-reg Parent-locked +====================== ============================================= + +In drivers/iio/: + +====================== ============================================= +gyro/mpu3050 Mux-locked +imu/inv_mpu6050/ Mux-locked +====================== ============================================= + +In drivers/media/: + +======================= ============================================= +dvb-frontends/lgdt3306a Mux-locked +dvb-frontends/m88ds3103 Parent-locked +dvb-frontends/rtl2830 Parent-locked +dvb-frontends/rtl2832 Mux-locked +dvb-frontends/si2168 Mux-locked +usb/cx231xx/ Parent-locked +======================= =============================================