diff --git a/drivers/acpi/arm64/iort.c b/drivers/acpi/arm64/iort.c
index 6496ff5a6ba20d..b08682282ee5a7 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/arm64/iort.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/arm64/iort.c
@@ -1218,10 +1218,9 @@ static bool iort_pci_rc_supports_ats(struct acpi_iort_node *node)
 	return pci_rc->ats_attribute & ACPI_IORT_ATS_SUPPORTED;
 }
 
-static int iort_iommu_xlate(struct device *dev, struct acpi_iort_node *node,
-			    u32 streamid)
+static int iort_iommu_xlate(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev,
+			    struct acpi_iort_node *node, u32 streamid)
 {
-	const struct iommu_ops *ops;
 	struct fwnode_handle *iort_fwnode;
 
 	if (!node)
@@ -1239,17 +1238,14 @@ static int iort_iommu_xlate(struct device *dev, struct acpi_iort_node *node,
 	 * in the kernel or not, defer the IOMMU configuration
 	 * or just abort it.
 	 */
-	ops = iommu_ops_from_fwnode(iort_fwnode);
-	if (!ops)
-		return iort_iommu_driver_enabled(node->type) ?
-		       -EPROBE_DEFER : -ENODEV;
-
-	return acpi_iommu_fwspec_init(dev, streamid, iort_fwnode, ops);
+	return acpi_iommu_fwspec_init(fwspec, dev, streamid, iort_fwnode,
+				      iort_iommu_driver_enabled(node->type));
 }
 
 struct iort_pci_alias_info {
 	struct device *dev;
 	struct acpi_iort_node *node;
+	struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec;
 };
 
 static int iort_pci_iommu_init(struct pci_dev *pdev, u16 alias, void *data)
@@ -1260,7 +1256,7 @@ static int iort_pci_iommu_init(struct pci_dev *pdev, u16 alias, void *data)
 
 	parent = iort_node_map_id(info->node, alias, &streamid,
 				  IORT_IOMMU_TYPE);
-	return iort_iommu_xlate(info->dev, parent, streamid);
+	return iort_iommu_xlate(info->fwspec, info->dev, parent, streamid);
 }
 
 static void iort_named_component_init(struct device *dev,
@@ -1280,7 +1276,8 @@ static void iort_named_component_init(struct device *dev,
 		dev_warn(dev, "Could not add device properties\n");
 }
 
-static int iort_nc_iommu_map(struct device *dev, struct acpi_iort_node *node)
+static int iort_nc_iommu_map(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev,
+			     struct acpi_iort_node *node)
 {
 	struct acpi_iort_node *parent;
 	int err = -ENODEV, i = 0;
@@ -1293,13 +1290,13 @@ static int iort_nc_iommu_map(struct device *dev, struct acpi_iort_node *node)
 						   i++);
 
 		if (parent)
-			err = iort_iommu_xlate(dev, parent, streamid);
+			err = iort_iommu_xlate(fwspec, dev, parent, streamid);
 	} while (parent && !err);
 
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int iort_nc_iommu_map_id(struct device *dev,
+static int iort_nc_iommu_map_id(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev,
 				struct acpi_iort_node *node,
 				const u32 *in_id)
 {
@@ -1308,7 +1305,7 @@ static int iort_nc_iommu_map_id(struct device *dev,
 
 	parent = iort_node_map_id(node, *in_id, &streamid, IORT_IOMMU_TYPE);
 	if (parent)
-		return iort_iommu_xlate(dev, parent, streamid);
+		return iort_iommu_xlate(fwspec, dev, parent, streamid);
 
 	return -ENODEV;
 }
@@ -1317,20 +1314,22 @@ static int iort_nc_iommu_map_id(struct device *dev,
 /**
  * iort_iommu_configure_id - Set-up IOMMU configuration for a device.
  *
+ * @fwspec: The iommu_fwspec to fill in with fw information about the device
  * @dev: device to configure
  * @id_in: optional input id const value pointer
  *
  * Returns: 0 on success, <0 on failure
  */
-int iort_iommu_configure_id(struct device *dev, const u32 *id_in)
+int iort_iommu_configure_id(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev,
+			    const u32 *id_in)
 {
 	struct acpi_iort_node *node;
 	int err = -ENODEV;
 
 	if (dev_is_pci(dev)) {
-		struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec;
 		struct pci_bus *bus = to_pci_dev(dev)->bus;
-		struct iort_pci_alias_info info = { .dev = dev };
+		struct iort_pci_alias_info info = { .dev = dev,
+						    .fwspec = fwspec };
 
 		node = iort_scan_node(ACPI_IORT_NODE_PCI_ROOT_COMPLEX,
 				      iort_match_node_callback, &bus->dev);
@@ -1341,8 +1340,7 @@ int iort_iommu_configure_id(struct device *dev, const u32 *id_in)
 		err = pci_for_each_dma_alias(to_pci_dev(dev),
 					     iort_pci_iommu_init, &info);
 
-		fwspec = dev_iommu_fwspec_get(dev);
-		if (fwspec && iort_pci_rc_supports_ats(node))
+		if (iort_pci_rc_supports_ats(node))
 			fwspec->flags |= IOMMU_FWSPEC_PCI_RC_ATS;
 	} else {
 		node = iort_scan_node(ACPI_IORT_NODE_NAMED_COMPONENT,
@@ -1350,8 +1348,8 @@ int iort_iommu_configure_id(struct device *dev, const u32 *id_in)
 		if (!node)
 			return -ENODEV;
 
-		err = id_in ? iort_nc_iommu_map_id(dev, node, id_in) :
-			      iort_nc_iommu_map(dev, node);
+		err = id_in ? iort_nc_iommu_map_id(fwspec, dev, node, id_in) :
+			      iort_nc_iommu_map(fwspec, dev, node);
 
 		if (!err)
 			iort_named_component_init(dev, node);
@@ -1363,8 +1361,6 @@ int iort_iommu_configure_id(struct device *dev, const u32 *id_in)
 #else
 void iort_iommu_get_resv_regions(struct device *dev, struct list_head *head)
 { }
-int iort_iommu_configure_id(struct device *dev, const u32 *input_id)
-{ return -ENODEV; }
 #endif
 
 static int nc_dma_get_range(struct device *dev, u64 *size)
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/scan.c b/drivers/acpi/scan.c
index d171d193f2a51c..5d467ff58ff24b 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/scan.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/scan.c
@@ -1543,74 +1543,67 @@ int acpi_dma_get_range(struct device *dev, const struct bus_dma_region **map)
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_IOMMU_API
-int acpi_iommu_fwspec_init(struct device *dev, u32 id,
-			   struct fwnode_handle *fwnode,
-			   const struct iommu_ops *ops)
+int acpi_iommu_fwspec_init(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev,
+			   u32 id, struct fwnode_handle *fwnode,
+			   bool iommu_driver_available)
 {
-	int ret = iommu_fwspec_init(dev, fwnode, ops);
+	int ret;
 
-	if (!ret)
-		ret = iommu_fwspec_add_ids(dev, &id, 1);
-
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static inline const struct iommu_ops *acpi_iommu_fwspec_ops(struct device *dev)
-{
-	struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec = dev_iommu_fwspec_get(dev);
-
-	return fwspec ? fwspec->ops : NULL;
+	ret = iommu_fwspec_assign_iommu(fwspec, dev, fwnode);
+	if (ret) {
+		if (ret == -EPROBE_DEFER && !iommu_driver_available)
+			return -ENODEV;
+		return ret;
+	}
+	return iommu_fwspec_append_ids(fwspec, &id, 1);
 }
 
 static int acpi_iommu_configure_id(struct device *dev, const u32 *id_in)
 {
 	int err;
-	const struct iommu_ops *ops;
+	struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec;
 
-	/*
-	 * If we already translated the fwspec there is nothing left to do,
-	 * return the iommu_ops.
-	 */
-	ops = acpi_iommu_fwspec_ops(dev);
-	if (ops)
-		return 0;
+	fwspec = iommu_fwspec_alloc();
+	if (IS_ERR(fwspec))
+		return PTR_ERR(fwspec);
 
-	err = iort_iommu_configure_id(dev, id_in);
-	if (err && err != -EPROBE_DEFER)
-		err = viot_iommu_configure(dev);
+	err = iort_iommu_configure_id(fwspec, dev, id_in);
+	if (err == -ENODEV)
+		err = viot_iommu_configure(fwspec, dev);
+	if (err == -ENODEV || err == -EPROBE_DEFER)
+		goto err_free;
+	if (err)
+		goto err_log;
 
-	/*
-	 * If we have reason to believe the IOMMU driver missed the initial
-	 * iommu_probe_device() call for dev, replay it to get things in order.
-	 */
-	if (!err && dev->bus)
-		err = iommu_probe_device(dev);
-
-	/* Ignore all other errors apart from EPROBE_DEFER */
-	if (err == -EPROBE_DEFER) {
-		return err;
-	} else if (err) {
-		dev_dbg(dev, "Adding to IOMMU failed: %d\n", err);
-		return -ENODEV;
+	err = iommu_probe_device_fwspec(dev, fwspec);
+	if (err) {
+		/*
+		 * Ownership for fwspec always passes into
+		 * iommu_probe_device_fwspec()
+		 */
+		fwspec = NULL;
+		goto err_log;
 	}
-	if (!acpi_iommu_fwspec_ops(dev))
-		return -ENODEV;
-	return 0;
+
+err_log:
+	dev_dbg(dev, "Adding to IOMMU failed: %d\n", err);
+err_free:
+	iommu_fwspec_dealloc(fwspec);
+	return err;
 }
 
 #else /* !CONFIG_IOMMU_API */
 
-int acpi_iommu_fwspec_init(struct device *dev, u32 id,
-			   struct fwnode_handle *fwnode,
-			   const struct iommu_ops *ops)
+int acpi_iommu_fwspec_init(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev,
+			   u32 id, struct fwnode_handle *fwnode,
+			   bool iommu_driver_available)
 {
 	return -ENODEV;
 }
 
-static const struct iommu_ops *acpi_iommu_configure_id(struct device *dev,
-						       const u32 *id_in)
+static int acpi_iommu_configure_id(struct device *dev, const u32 *id_in)
 {
-	return NULL;
+	return -ENODEV;
 }
 
 #endif /* !CONFIG_IOMMU_API */
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/viot.c b/drivers/acpi/viot.c
index c8025921c129b2..1d0da99e65e6af 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/viot.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/viot.c
@@ -304,11 +304,9 @@ void __init acpi_viot_init(void)
 	acpi_put_table(hdr);
 }
 
-static int viot_dev_iommu_init(struct device *dev, struct viot_iommu *viommu,
-			       u32 epid)
+static int viot_dev_iommu_init(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev,
+			       struct viot_iommu *viommu, u32 epid)
 {
-	const struct iommu_ops *ops;
-
 	if (!viommu)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
@@ -316,19 +314,20 @@ static int viot_dev_iommu_init(struct device *dev, struct viot_iommu *viommu,
 	if (device_match_fwnode(dev, viommu->fwnode))
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	ops = iommu_ops_from_fwnode(viommu->fwnode);
-	if (!ops)
-		return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VIRTIO_IOMMU) ?
-			-EPROBE_DEFER : -ENODEV;
-
-	return acpi_iommu_fwspec_init(dev, epid, viommu->fwnode, ops);
+	return acpi_iommu_fwspec_init(fwspec, dev, epid, viommu->fwnode,
+				      IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_VIRTIO_IOMMU));
 }
 
+struct viot_pci_alias_info {
+	struct device *dev;
+	struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec;
+};
+
 static int viot_pci_dev_iommu_init(struct pci_dev *pdev, u16 dev_id, void *data)
 {
 	u32 epid;
 	struct viot_endpoint *ep;
-	struct device *aliased_dev = data;
+	struct viot_pci_alias_info *info = data;
 	u32 domain_nr = pci_domain_nr(pdev->bus);
 
 	list_for_each_entry(ep, &viot_pci_ranges, list) {
@@ -339,14 +338,15 @@ static int viot_pci_dev_iommu_init(struct pci_dev *pdev, u16 dev_id, void *data)
 			epid = ((domain_nr - ep->segment_start) << 16) +
 				dev_id - ep->bdf_start + ep->endpoint_id;
 
-			return viot_dev_iommu_init(aliased_dev, ep->viommu,
-						   epid);
+			return viot_dev_iommu_init(info->fwspec, info->dev,
+						   ep->viommu, epid);
 		}
 	}
 	return -ENODEV;
 }
 
-static int viot_mmio_dev_iommu_init(struct platform_device *pdev)
+static int viot_mmio_dev_iommu_init(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec,
+				    struct platform_device *pdev)
 {
 	struct resource *mem;
 	struct viot_endpoint *ep;
@@ -357,24 +357,29 @@ static int viot_mmio_dev_iommu_init(struct platform_device *pdev)
 
 	list_for_each_entry(ep, &viot_mmio_endpoints, list) {
 		if (ep->address == mem->start)
-			return viot_dev_iommu_init(&pdev->dev, ep->viommu,
-						   ep->endpoint_id);
+			return viot_dev_iommu_init(fwspec, &pdev->dev,
+						   ep->viommu, ep->endpoint_id);
 	}
 	return -ENODEV;
 }
 
 /**
  * viot_iommu_configure - Setup IOMMU ops for an endpoint described by VIOT
+ * @fwspec: The iommu_fwspec to fill in with fw information about the device
  * @dev: the endpoint
  *
  * Return: 0 on success, <0 on failure
  */
-int viot_iommu_configure(struct device *dev)
+int viot_iommu_configure(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev)
 {
-	if (dev_is_pci(dev))
+	if (dev_is_pci(dev)) {
+		struct viot_pci_alias_info info = { .dev = dev,
+						    .fwspec = fwspec };
 		return pci_for_each_dma_alias(to_pci_dev(dev),
-					      viot_pci_dev_iommu_init, dev);
+					      viot_pci_dev_iommu_init, &info);
+	}
 	else if (dev_is_platform(dev))
-		return viot_mmio_dev_iommu_init(to_platform_device(dev));
+		return viot_mmio_dev_iommu_init(fwspec,
+						to_platform_device(dev));
 	return -ENODEV;
 }
diff --git a/drivers/iommu/iommu.c b/drivers/iommu/iommu.c
index 2076345d0d6653..f7bda1c0959d34 100644
--- a/drivers/iommu/iommu.c
+++ b/drivers/iommu/iommu.c
@@ -2943,9 +2943,8 @@ const struct iommu_ops *iommu_ops_from_fwnode(struct fwnode_handle *fwnode)
 	return ops;
 }
 
-static int iommu_fwspec_assign_iommu(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec,
-				     struct device *dev,
-				     struct fwnode_handle *iommu_fwnode)
+int iommu_fwspec_assign_iommu(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev,
+			      struct fwnode_handle *iommu_fwnode)
 {
 	const struct iommu_ops *ops;
 
diff --git a/include/acpi/acpi_bus.h b/include/acpi/acpi_bus.h
index afeed6e72049e4..4197c0004a30b0 100644
--- a/include/acpi/acpi_bus.h
+++ b/include/acpi/acpi_bus.h
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 #include <linux/device.h>
 #include <linux/property.h>
 
+struct iommu_fwspec;
+
 struct acpi_handle_list {
 	u32 count;
 	acpi_handle* handles;
@@ -628,9 +630,9 @@ struct acpi_pci_root {
 
 bool acpi_dma_supported(const struct acpi_device *adev);
 enum dev_dma_attr acpi_get_dma_attr(struct acpi_device *adev);
-int acpi_iommu_fwspec_init(struct device *dev, u32 id,
-			   struct fwnode_handle *fwnode,
-			   const struct iommu_ops *ops);
+int acpi_iommu_fwspec_init(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev,
+			   u32 id, struct fwnode_handle *fwnode,
+			   bool iommu_driver_available);
 int acpi_dma_get_range(struct device *dev, const struct bus_dma_region **map);
 int acpi_dma_configure_id(struct device *dev, enum dev_dma_attr attr,
 			   const u32 *input_id);
diff --git a/include/linux/acpi_iort.h b/include/linux/acpi_iort.h
index 1cb65592c95dd3..7644922ecb0705 100644
--- a/include/linux/acpi_iort.h
+++ b/include/linux/acpi_iort.h
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include <linux/fwnode.h>
 #include <linux/irqdomain.h>
 
+struct iommu_fwspec;
+
 #define IORT_IRQ_MASK(irq)		(irq & 0xffffffffULL)
 #define IORT_IRQ_TRIGGER_MASK(irq)	((irq >> 32) & 0xffffffffULL)
 
@@ -40,7 +42,8 @@ void iort_put_rmr_sids(struct fwnode_handle *iommu_fwnode,
 		       struct list_head *head);
 /* IOMMU interface */
 int iort_dma_get_ranges(struct device *dev, u64 *size);
-int iort_iommu_configure_id(struct device *dev, const u32 *id_in);
+int iort_iommu_configure_id(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev,
+			    const u32 *id_in);
 void iort_iommu_get_resv_regions(struct device *dev, struct list_head *head);
 phys_addr_t acpi_iort_dma_get_max_cpu_address(void);
 #else
@@ -57,7 +60,8 @@ void iort_put_rmr_sids(struct fwnode_handle *iommu_fwnode, struct list_head *hea
 /* IOMMU interface */
 static inline int iort_dma_get_ranges(struct device *dev, u64 *size)
 { return -ENODEV; }
-static inline int iort_iommu_configure_id(struct device *dev, const u32 *id_in)
+static inline int iort_iommu_configure_id(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec,
+					  struct device *dev, const u32 *id_in)
 { return -ENODEV; }
 static inline
 void iort_iommu_get_resv_regions(struct device *dev, struct list_head *head)
diff --git a/include/linux/acpi_viot.h b/include/linux/acpi_viot.h
index a5a12243156377..f1874cb6d43c09 100644
--- a/include/linux/acpi_viot.h
+++ b/include/linux/acpi_viot.h
@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@
 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_VIOT
 void __init acpi_viot_early_init(void);
 void __init acpi_viot_init(void);
-int viot_iommu_configure(struct device *dev);
+int viot_iommu_configure(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev);
 #else
 static inline void acpi_viot_early_init(void) {}
 static inline void acpi_viot_init(void) {}
-static inline int viot_iommu_configure(struct device *dev)
+static inline int viot_iommu_configure(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec,
+				       struct device *dev)
 {
 	return -ENODEV;
 }
diff --git a/include/linux/iommu.h b/include/linux/iommu.h
index bbbba7d0a159ba..72ec71bd31a376 100644
--- a/include/linux/iommu.h
+++ b/include/linux/iommu.h
@@ -818,6 +818,8 @@ void iommu_fwspec_dealloc(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec);
 int iommu_fwspec_of_xlate(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev,
 			  struct fwnode_handle *iommu_fwnode,
 			  struct of_phandle_args *iommu_spec);
+int iommu_fwspec_assign_iommu(struct iommu_fwspec *fwspec, struct device *dev,
+			      struct fwnode_handle *iommu_fwnode);
 
 int iommu_fwspec_init(struct device *dev, struct fwnode_handle *iommu_fwnode,
 		      const struct iommu_ops *ops);
