[Xen-devel,v2,4/7] xen/arm32: Add skeleton to harden branch predictor aliasing attacks

From: Julien Grall <julien.grall@linaro.org>

Aliasing attacked against CPU branch predictors can allow an attacker to
redirect speculative control flow on some CPUs and potentially divulge
information from one context to another.

This patch adds initiatial skeleton code behind a new Kconfig option
to enable implementation-specific mitigations against these attacks
for CPUs that are affected.

Most of mitigations will have to be applied when entering to the
hypervisor from the guest context.

Because the attack is against branch predictor, it is not possible to
safely use branch instruction before the mitigation is applied.
Therefore this has to be done in the vector entry before jump to the
helper handling a given exception.

However, on arm32, each vector contain a single instruction. This means
that the hardened vector tables may rely on the state of registers that
does not hold when in the hypervisor (e.g SP is 8 bytes aligned).
Therefore hypervisor code running with guest vectors table should be
minimized and always have IRQs and SErrors masked to reduce the risk to
use them.

This patch provides an infrastructure to switch vector tables before
entering to the guest and when leaving it.

Note that alternative could have been used, but older Xen (4.8 or
earlier) doesn't have support. So avoid using alternative to ease
backporting.

This is part of XSA-254.

Signed-off-by: Julien Grall <julien.grall@linaro.org>

---
    Changes in v2:
        - Clarify the commit message
---
 xen/arch/arm/Kconfig       |  3 +++
 xen/arch/arm/arm32/entry.S | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 xen/arch/arm/cpuerrata.c   | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

On Wed, 31 Jan 2018, Julien Grall wrote:
> From: Julien Grall <julien.grall@linaro.org>
> 
> Aliasing attacked against CPU branch predictors can allow an attacker to
> redirect speculative control flow on some CPUs and potentially divulge
> information from one context to another.
> 
> This patch adds initiatial skeleton code behind a new Kconfig option
> to enable implementation-specific mitigations against these attacks
> for CPUs that are affected.
> 
> Most of mitigations will have to be applied when entering to the
> hypervisor from the guest context.
> 
> Because the attack is against branch predictor, it is not possible to
> safely use branch instruction before the mitigation is applied.
> Therefore this has to be done in the vector entry before jump to the
> helper handling a given exception.
> 
> However, on arm32, each vector contain a single instruction. This means
> that the hardened vector tables may rely on the state of registers that
> does not hold when in the hypervisor (e.g SP is 8 bytes aligned).
> Therefore hypervisor code running with guest vectors table should be
> minimized and always have IRQs and SErrors masked to reduce the risk to
> use them.
> 
> This patch provides an infrastructure to switch vector tables before
> entering to the guest and when leaving it.
> 
> Note that alternative could have been used, but older Xen (4.8 or
> earlier) doesn't have support. So avoid using alternative to ease
> backporting.
> 
> This is part of XSA-254.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Julien Grall <julien.grall@linaro.org>

Reviewed-by: Stefano Stabellini <sstabellini@kernel.org>


> ---
>     Changes in v2:
>         - Clarify the commit message
> ---
>  xen/arch/arm/Kconfig       |  3 +++
>  xen/arch/arm/arm32/entry.S | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>  xen/arch/arm/cpuerrata.c   | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  3 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/xen/arch/arm/Kconfig b/xen/arch/arm/Kconfig
> index 06fd85cc77..2782ee6589 100644
> --- a/xen/arch/arm/Kconfig
> +++ b/xen/arch/arm/Kconfig
> @@ -191,6 +191,9 @@ config HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
>  config ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
>      def_bool y if ARM_64 && HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
>  
> +config ARM32_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
> +    def_bool y if ARM_32 && HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
> +
>  source "common/Kconfig"
>  
>  source "drivers/Kconfig"
> diff --git a/xen/arch/arm/arm32/entry.S b/xen/arch/arm/arm32/entry.S
> index 64876c1184..828e52c25c 100644
> --- a/xen/arch/arm/arm32/entry.S
> +++ b/xen/arch/arm/arm32/entry.S
> @@ -34,6 +34,20 @@
>          blne save_guest_regs
>  
>  save_guest_regs:
> +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM32_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
> +        /*
> +         * Restore vectors table to the default as it may have been
> +         * changed when returning to the guest (see
> +         * return_to_hypervisor). We need to do that early (e.g before
> +         * any interrupts are unmasked) because hardened vectors requires
> +         * SP to be 8 bytes aligned. This does not hold when running in
> +         * the hypervisor.
> +         */
> +        ldr r1, =hyp_traps_vector
> +        mcr p15, 4, r1, c12, c0, 0
> +        isb
> +#endif
> +
>          ldr r11, =0xffffffff  /* Clobber SP which is only valid for hypervisor frames. */
>          str r11, [sp, #UREGS_sp]
>          SAVE_ONE_BANKED(SP_usr)
> @@ -179,12 +193,37 @@ return_to_guest:
>          RESTORE_ONE_BANKED(R11_fiq); RESTORE_ONE_BANKED(R12_fiq);
>          /* Fall thru */
>  return_to_hypervisor:
> -        cpsid i
> +        cpsid ai
>          ldr lr, [sp, #UREGS_lr]
>          ldr r11, [sp, #UREGS_pc]
>          msr ELR_hyp, r11
>          ldr r11, [sp, #UREGS_cpsr]
>          msr SPSR_hyp, r11
> +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM32_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
> +        /*
> +         * Hardening branch predictor may require to setup a different
> +         * vector tables before returning to the guests. Those vectors
> +         * may rely on the state of registers that does not hold when
> +         * running in the hypervisor (e.g SP is 8 bytes aligned). So setup
> +         * HVBAR very late.
> +         *
> +         * Default vectors table will be restored on exit (see
> +         * save_guest_regs).
> +         */
> +        mov r9, #0                      /* vector tables = NULL */
> +        /*
> +         * Load vector tables pointer from the per-cpu bp_harden_vecs
> +         * when returning to the guest only.
> +         */
> +        and r11, #PSR_MODE_MASK
> +        cmp r11, #PSR_MODE_HYP
> +        ldrne r11, =per_cpu__bp_harden_vecs
> +        mrcne p15, 4, r10, c13, c0, 2   /* r10 = per-cpu offset (HTPIDR) */
> +        addne r11, r11, r10             /* r11 = offset of the vector tables */
> +        ldrne r9, [r11]                 /* r9  = vector tables */
> +        cmp r9, #0                      /* Only update HVBAR when the vector */
> +        mcrne p15, 4, r9, c12, c0, 0    /* tables is not NULL. */
> +#endif
>          pop {r0-r12}
>          add sp, #(UREGS_SP_usr - UREGS_sp); /* SP, LR, SPSR, PC */
>          clrex
> diff --git a/xen/arch/arm/cpuerrata.c b/xen/arch/arm/cpuerrata.c
> index f1ea7f3c5b..0a138fa735 100644
> --- a/xen/arch/arm/cpuerrata.c
> +++ b/xen/arch/arm/cpuerrata.c
> @@ -170,6 +170,36 @@ static int enable_psci_bp_hardening(void *data)
>  
>  #endif /* CONFIG_ARM64_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR */
>  
> +/* Hardening Branch predictor code for Arm32 */
> +#ifdef CONFIG_ARM32_HARDEN_BRANCH_PREDICTOR
> +
> +/*
> + * Per-CPU vector tables to use when returning to the guests. They will
> + * only be used on platform requiring to harden the branch predictor.
> + */
> +DEFINE_PER_CPU_READ_MOSTLY(const char *, bp_harden_vecs);
> +
> +extern char hyp_traps_vector_bp_inv[];
> +
> +static void __maybe_unused
> +install_bp_hardening_vecs(const struct arm_cpu_capabilities *entry,
> +                          const char *hyp_vecs, const char *desc)
> +{
> +    /*
> +     * Enable callbacks are called on every CPU based on the
> +     * capabilities. So double-check whether the CPU matches the
> +     * entry.
> +     */
> +    if ( !entry->matches(entry) )
> +        return;
> +
> +    printk(XENLOG_INFO "CPU%u will %s on guest exit\n",
> +           smp_processor_id(), desc);
> +    this_cpu(bp_harden_vecs) = hyp_vecs;
> +}
> +
> +#endif
> +
>  #define MIDR_RANGE(model, min, max)     \
>      .matches = is_affected_midr_range,  \
>      .midr_model = model,                \
> -- 
> 2.11.0
>