[PR72835] Incorrect arithmetic optimization involving bitfield arguments

diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/pr72835.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/pr72835.c
index e69de29..d7d0a8d 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/pr72835.c
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/pr72835.c
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ 
+/* PR tree-optimization/72835 */
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2" } */
+
+struct struct_1 {
+    unsigned int m1 : 6 ;
+    unsigned int m2 : 24 ;
+    unsigned int m3 : 6 ;
+};
+
+unsigned short var_32 = 0x2d10;
+
+struct struct_1 s1;
+
+void init ()
+{
+  s1.m1 = 4;
+  s1.m2 = 0x7ca4b8;
+  s1.m3 = 24;
+}
+
+void foo ()
+{
+  unsigned int c =
+    ((unsigned int) s1.m2) * (-((unsigned int) s1.m3))
+    + (var_32) * (-((unsigned int) (s1.m1)));
+  if (c != 4098873984)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+}
+
+int main ()
+{
+    init ();
+    foo ();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/gcc/tree-ssa-reassoc.c b/gcc/tree-ssa-reassoc.c
index 7fd7550..c5641fe 100644
--- a/gcc/tree-ssa-reassoc.c
+++ b/gcc/tree-ssa-reassoc.c
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@  eliminate_using_constants (enum tree_code opcode,
 }
 
 
-static void linearize_expr_tree (vec<operand_entry *> *, gimple *,
+static bool linearize_expr_tree (vec<operand_entry *> *, gimple *,
 				 bool, bool);
 
 /* Structure for tracking and counting operands.  */
@@ -4456,12 +4456,16 @@  acceptable_pow_call (gcall *stmt, tree *base, HOST_WIDE_INT *exponent)
 }
 
 /* Try to derive and add operand entry for OP to *OPS.  Return false if
-   unsuccessful.  */
+   unsuccessful.  If we changed the operands such that the (intermediate)
+   results can be different (as in the case of NEGATE_EXPR converted to
+   multiplication by -1), set changed to true so that we will not reuse the
+   SSA (PR72835).  */
 
 static bool
 try_special_add_to_ops (vec<operand_entry *> *ops,
 			enum tree_code code,
-			tree op, gimple* def_stmt)
+			tree op, gimple* def_stmt,
+			bool *changed)
 {
   tree base = NULL_TREE;
   HOST_WIDE_INT exponent = 0;
@@ -4492,6 +4496,7 @@  try_special_add_to_ops (vec<operand_entry *> *ops,
       add_to_ops_vec (ops, rhs1);
       add_to_ops_vec (ops, cst);
       gimple_set_visited (def_stmt, true);
+      *changed = true;
       return true;
     }
 
@@ -4499,9 +4504,10 @@  try_special_add_to_ops (vec<operand_entry *> *ops,
 }
 
 /* Recursively linearize a binary expression that is the RHS of STMT.
-   Place the operands of the expression tree in the vector named OPS.  */
+   Place the operands of the expression tree in the vector named OPS.
+   Return TRUE if try_special_add_to_ops has set changed to TRUE.  */
 
-static void
+static bool
 linearize_expr_tree (vec<operand_entry *> *ops, gimple *stmt,
 		     bool is_associative, bool set_visited)
 {
@@ -4512,6 +4518,7 @@  linearize_expr_tree (vec<operand_entry *> *ops, gimple *stmt,
   bool binrhsisreassoc = false;
   enum tree_code rhscode = gimple_assign_rhs_code (stmt);
   struct loop *loop = loop_containing_stmt (stmt);
+  bool changed = false;
 
   if (set_visited)
     gimple_set_visited (stmt, true);
@@ -4542,18 +4549,20 @@  linearize_expr_tree (vec<operand_entry *> *ops, gimple *stmt,
       if (!is_associative)
 	{
 	  add_to_ops_vec (ops, binrhs);
-	  return;
+	  return changed;
 	}
 
       if (!binrhsisreassoc)
 	{
-	  if (!try_special_add_to_ops (ops, rhscode, binrhs, binrhsdef))
+	  if (!try_special_add_to_ops (ops, rhscode, binrhs,
+				       binrhsdef, &changed))
 	    add_to_ops_vec (ops, binrhs);
 
-	  if (!try_special_add_to_ops (ops, rhscode, binlhs, binlhsdef))
+	  if (!try_special_add_to_ops (ops, rhscode, binlhs,
+				       binlhsdef, &changed))
 	    add_to_ops_vec (ops, binlhs);
 
-	  return;
+	  return changed;
 	}
 
       if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
@@ -4587,11 +4596,13 @@  linearize_expr_tree (vec<operand_entry *> *ops, gimple *stmt,
   gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (binrhs) != SSA_NAME
 	      || !is_reassociable_op (SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (binrhs),
 				      rhscode, loop));
-  linearize_expr_tree (ops, SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (binlhs),
-		       is_associative, set_visited);
+  changed |= linearize_expr_tree (ops, SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (binlhs),
+				  is_associative, set_visited);
 
-  if (!try_special_add_to_ops (ops, rhscode, binrhs, binrhsdef))
+  if (!try_special_add_to_ops (ops, rhscode, binrhs,
+			       binrhsdef, &changed))
     add_to_ops_vec (ops, binrhs);
+  return changed;
 }
 
 /* Repropagate the negates back into subtracts, since no other pass
@@ -5250,6 +5261,7 @@  reassociate_bb (basic_block bb)
   basic_block son;
   gimple *stmt = last_stmt (bb);
   bool cfg_cleanup_needed = false;
+  bool changed = false;
 
   if (stmt && !gimple_visited_p (stmt))
     cfg_cleanup_needed |= maybe_optimize_range_tests (stmt);
@@ -5323,7 +5335,7 @@  reassociate_bb (basic_block bb)
 		continue;
 
 	      gimple_set_visited (stmt, true);
-	      linearize_expr_tree (&ops, stmt, true, true);
+	      changed = linearize_expr_tree (&ops, stmt, true, true);
 	      ops.qsort (sort_by_operand_rank);
 	      optimize_ops_list (rhs_code, &ops);
 	      if (undistribute_ops_list (rhs_code, &ops,
@@ -5415,7 +5427,7 @@  reassociate_bb (basic_block bb)
 
 		      new_lhs = rewrite_expr_tree (stmt, 0, ops,
 						   powi_result != NULL
-						   || negate_result);
+						   || changed);
                     }
 
 		  /* If we combined some repeated factors into a