[v17,02/10] landlock: Add ruleset and domain management

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 011349c9c6c6..3de0e01de0c4 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -9493,6 +9493,7 @@  L:	linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org
 S:	Supported
 W:	https://landlock.io
 T:	git https://github.com/landlock-lsm/linux.git
+F:	include/uapi/linux/landlock.h
 F:	security/landlock/
 K:	landlock
 K:	LANDLOCK
diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/landlock.h b/include/uapi/linux/landlock.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4b7e69a8806b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/landlock.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ 
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */
+/*
+ * Landlock - UAPI headers
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2017-2020 Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net>
+ * Copyright © 2018-2020 ANSSI
+ */
+
+#ifndef _UAPI__LINUX_LANDLOCK_H__
+#define _UAPI__LINUX_LANDLOCK_H__
+
+/**
+ * DOC: fs_access
+ *
+ * A set of actions on kernel objects may be defined by an attribute (e.g.
+ * &struct landlock_attr_path_beneath) and a bitmask of access.
+ *
+ * Filesystem flags
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * These flags enable to restrict a sandbox process to a set of actions on
+ * files and directories.  Files or directories opened before the sandboxing
+ * are not subject to these restrictions.
+ *
+ * A file can only receive these access rights:
+ *
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE: Execute a file.
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE: Write to a file.
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE: Open a file with read access.
+ *
+ * A directory can receive access rights related to files or directories.  This
+ * set of access rights is applied to the directory itself, and the directories
+ * beneath it:
+ *
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR: Open a directory or list its content.
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_CHROOT: Change the root directory of the current
+ *   process.
+ *
+ * However, the following access rights only apply to the content of a
+ * directory, not the directory itself:
+ *
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_DIR: Remove an empty directory or rename one.
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_FILE: Unlink (or rename) a file.
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_CHAR: Create (or rename or link) a character
+ *   device.
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_DIR: Create (or rename or link) a directory.
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_REG: Create (or rename or link) a regular file.
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SOCK: Create (or rename or link) a UNIX domain
+ *   socket.
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_FIFO: Create (or rename or link) a named pipe.
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_BLOCK: Create (or rename or link) a block device.
+ * - %LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SYM: Create (or rename or link) a symbolic link.
+ *
+ * .. warning::
+ *
+ *   It is currently not possible to restrict some file-related actions
+ *   accessible through these syscall families: :manpage:`chdir(2)`,
+ *   :manpage:`truncate(2)`, :manpage:`stat(2)`, :manpage:`flock(2)`,
+ *   :manpage:`chmod(2)`, :manpage:`chown(2)`, :manpage:`setxattr(2)`,
+ *   :manpage:`ioctl(2)`, :manpage:`fcntl(2)`.
+ *   Future Landlock evolutions will enable to restrict them.
+ */
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_EXECUTE		(1ULL << 0)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_WRITE_FILE		(1ULL << 1)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_FILE		(1ULL << 2)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_READ_DIR		(1ULL << 3)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_CHROOT		(1ULL << 4)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_DIR		(1ULL << 5)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_REMOVE_FILE		(1ULL << 6)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_CHAR		(1ULL << 7)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_DIR		(1ULL << 8)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_REG		(1ULL << 9)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SOCK		(1ULL << 10)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_FIFO		(1ULL << 11)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_BLOCK		(1ULL << 12)
+#define LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SYM		(1ULL << 13)
+
+#endif /* _UAPI__LINUX_LANDLOCK_H__ */
diff --git a/security/landlock/Makefile b/security/landlock/Makefile
index cb6deefbf4c0..d846eba445bb 100644
--- a/security/landlock/Makefile
+++ b/security/landlock/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@ 
 obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_LANDLOCK) := landlock.o
 
-landlock-y := object.o
+landlock-y := object.o ruleset.o
diff --git a/security/landlock/ruleset.c b/security/landlock/ruleset.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9bd474291d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/landlock/ruleset.c
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@ 
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Landlock LSM - Ruleset management
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2016-2020 Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net>
+ * Copyright © 2018-2020 ANSSI
+ */
+
+#include <linux/bits.h>
+#include <linux/bug.h>
+#include <linux/compiler_types.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/limits.h>
+#include <linux/rbtree.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/workqueue.h>
+
+#include "object.h"
+#include "ruleset.h"
+
+static struct landlock_ruleset *create_ruleset(void)
+{
+	struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset;
+
+	ruleset = kzalloc(sizeof(*ruleset), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!ruleset)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	refcount_set(&ruleset->usage, 1);
+	mutex_init(&ruleset->lock);
+	/*
+	 * root = RB_ROOT
+	 * hierarchy = NULL
+	 * nb_rules = 0
+	 * nb_layers = 0
+	 * fs_access_mask = 0
+	 */
+	return ruleset;
+}
+
+struct landlock_ruleset *landlock_create_ruleset(const u32 fs_access_mask)
+{
+	struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset;
+
+	/* Informs about useless ruleset. */
+	if (!fs_access_mask)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMSG);
+	ruleset = create_ruleset();
+	if (!IS_ERR(ruleset))
+		ruleset->fs_access_mask = fs_access_mask;
+	return ruleset;
+}
+
+static struct landlock_rule *duplicate_rule(struct landlock_rule *const src)
+{
+	struct landlock_rule *new_rule;
+
+	new_rule = kzalloc(sizeof(*new_rule), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!new_rule)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	RB_CLEAR_NODE(&new_rule->node);
+	landlock_get_object(src->object);
+	new_rule->object = src->object;
+	new_rule->access = src->access;
+	new_rule->layers = src->layers;
+	return new_rule;
+}
+
+static void put_rule(struct landlock_rule *const rule)
+{
+	might_sleep();
+	if (!rule)
+		return;
+	landlock_put_object(rule->object);
+	kfree(rule);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Assumptions:
+ * - An inserted rule can not be removed.
+ * - The underlying kernel object must be held by the caller.
+ *
+ * @rule: Read-only payload to be inserted (not own by this function).
+ * @is_merge: If true, intersects access rights and updates the rule's layers
+ * (e.g. merge two rulesets), else do a union of access rights and keep the
+ * rule's layers (e.g. extend a ruleset)
+ */
+int landlock_insert_rule(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset,
+		struct landlock_rule *const rule, const bool is_merge)
+{
+	struct rb_node **walker_node;
+	struct rb_node *parent_node = NULL;
+	struct landlock_rule *new_rule;
+
+	might_sleep();
+	lockdep_assert_held(&ruleset->lock);
+	walker_node = &(ruleset->root.rb_node);
+	while (*walker_node) {
+		struct landlock_rule *const this = rb_entry(*walker_node,
+				struct landlock_rule, node);
+
+		if (this->object != rule->object) {
+			parent_node = *walker_node;
+			if (this->object < rule->object)
+				walker_node = &((*walker_node)->rb_right);
+			else
+				walker_node = &((*walker_node)->rb_left);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* If there is a matching rule, updates it. */
+		if (is_merge) {
+			/* Intersects access rights. */
+			this->access &= rule->access;
+
+			/* Updates the rule layers with the next one. */
+			this->layers |= BIT_ULL(ruleset->nb_layers);
+		} else {
+			/* Extends access rights. */
+			this->access |= rule->access;
+		}
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* There is no match for @rule->object. */
+	if (ruleset->nb_rules == U32_MAX)
+		return -E2BIG;
+	new_rule = duplicate_rule(rule);
+	if (IS_ERR(new_rule))
+		return PTR_ERR(new_rule);
+	if (is_merge)
+		/* Sets the rule layer to the next one. */
+		new_rule->layers = BIT_ULL(ruleset->nb_layers);
+	rb_link_node(&new_rule->node, parent_node, walker_node);
+	rb_insert_color(&new_rule->node, &ruleset->root);
+	ruleset->nb_rules++;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void get_hierarchy(struct landlock_hierarchy *const hierarchy)
+{
+	if (hierarchy)
+		refcount_inc(&hierarchy->usage);
+}
+
+static void put_hierarchy(struct landlock_hierarchy *hierarchy)
+{
+	while (hierarchy && refcount_dec_and_test(&hierarchy->usage)) {
+		const struct landlock_hierarchy *const freeme = hierarchy;
+
+		hierarchy = hierarchy->parent;
+		kfree(freeme);
+	}
+}
+
+static int merge_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const dst,
+		struct landlock_ruleset *const src)
+{
+	struct landlock_rule *walker_rule, *next_rule;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	might_sleep();
+	if (!src)
+		return 0;
+	/* Only merge into a domain. */
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!dst || !dst->hierarchy))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	mutex_lock(&dst->lock);
+	mutex_lock_nested(&src->lock, 1);
+	/*
+	 * Makes a new layer, but only increments the number of layers after
+	 * the rules are inserted.
+	 */
+	if (dst->nb_layers == sizeof(walker_rule->layers) * BITS_PER_BYTE) {
+		err = -E2BIG;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+	dst->fs_access_mask |= src->fs_access_mask;
+
+	/* Merges the @src tree. */
+	rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(walker_rule, next_rule,
+			&src->root, node) {
+		err = landlock_insert_rule(dst, walker_rule, true);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_unlock;
+	}
+	dst->nb_layers++;
+
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&src->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&dst->lock);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static struct landlock_ruleset *inherit_ruleset(
+		struct landlock_ruleset *const parent)
+{
+	struct landlock_rule *walker_rule, *next_rule;
+	struct landlock_ruleset *new_ruleset;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	might_sleep();
+	new_ruleset = create_ruleset();
+	if (IS_ERR(new_ruleset))
+		return new_ruleset;
+
+	new_ruleset->hierarchy = kzalloc(sizeof(*new_ruleset->hierarchy),
+			GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!new_ruleset->hierarchy) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out_put_ruleset;
+	}
+	refcount_set(&new_ruleset->hierarchy->usage, 1);
+	if (!parent)
+		return new_ruleset;
+
+	mutex_lock(&new_ruleset->lock);
+	mutex_lock_nested(&parent->lock, 1);
+	new_ruleset->nb_layers = parent->nb_layers;
+	new_ruleset->fs_access_mask = parent->fs_access_mask;
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(!parent->hierarchy);
+	get_hierarchy(parent->hierarchy);
+	new_ruleset->hierarchy->parent = parent->hierarchy;
+
+	/* Copies the @parent tree. */
+	rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(walker_rule, next_rule,
+			&parent->root, node) {
+		err = landlock_insert_rule(new_ruleset, walker_rule, false);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_unlock;
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&parent->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&new_ruleset->lock);
+	return new_ruleset;
+
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&parent->lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&new_ruleset->lock);
+
+out_put_ruleset:
+	landlock_put_ruleset(new_ruleset);
+	return ERR_PTR(err);
+}
+
+static void free_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset)
+{
+	struct landlock_rule *freeme, *next;
+
+	might_sleep();
+	rbtree_postorder_for_each_entry_safe(freeme, next, &ruleset->root,
+			node)
+		put_rule(freeme);
+	put_hierarchy(ruleset->hierarchy);
+	kfree(ruleset);
+}
+
+void landlock_put_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset)
+{
+	might_sleep();
+	if (ruleset && refcount_dec_and_test(&ruleset->usage))
+		free_ruleset(ruleset);
+}
+
+static void free_ruleset_work(struct work_struct *const work)
+{
+	struct landlock_ruleset *ruleset;
+
+	ruleset = container_of(work, struct landlock_ruleset, work_free);
+	free_ruleset(ruleset);
+}
+
+void landlock_put_ruleset_deferred(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset)
+{
+	if (ruleset && refcount_dec_and_test(&ruleset->usage)) {
+		INIT_WORK(&ruleset->work_free, free_ruleset_work);
+		schedule_work(&ruleset->work_free);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Creates a new transition domain, intersection of @parent and @ruleset, or
+ * return @parent if @ruleset is empty.  If @parent is empty, returns a
+ * duplicate of @ruleset.
+ */
+struct landlock_ruleset *landlock_merge_ruleset(
+		struct landlock_ruleset *const parent,
+		struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset)
+{
+	struct landlock_ruleset *new_dom;
+	int err;
+
+	might_sleep();
+	/*
+	 * Merging duplicates a ruleset, so a new ruleset can't be
+	 * the same as the parent, but they can have similar content.
+	 */
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!ruleset || parent == ruleset)) {
+		landlock_get_ruleset(parent);
+		return parent;
+	}
+
+	new_dom = inherit_ruleset(parent);
+	if (IS_ERR(new_dom))
+		return new_dom;
+
+	err = merge_ruleset(new_dom, ruleset);
+	if (err) {
+		landlock_put_ruleset(new_dom);
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+	return new_dom;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The returned access has the same lifetime as @ruleset.
+ */
+const struct landlock_rule *landlock_find_rule(
+		const struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset,
+		const struct landlock_object *const object)
+{
+	const struct rb_node *node;
+
+	if (!object)
+		return NULL;
+	node = ruleset->root.rb_node;
+	while (node) {
+		struct landlock_rule *this = rb_entry(node,
+				struct landlock_rule, node);
+
+		if (this->object == object)
+			return this;
+		if (this->object < object)
+			node = node->rb_right;
+		else
+			node = node->rb_left;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
diff --git a/security/landlock/ruleset.h b/security/landlock/ruleset.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..206814974525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/landlock/ruleset.h
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ 
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
+/*
+ * Landlock LSM - Ruleset management
+ *
+ * Copyright © 2016-2020 Mickaël Salaün <mic@digikod.net>
+ * Copyright © 2018-2020 ANSSI
+ */
+
+#ifndef _SECURITY_LANDLOCK_RULESET_H
+#define _SECURITY_LANDLOCK_RULESET_H
+
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/rbtree.h>
+#include <linux/refcount.h>
+#include <linux/workqueue.h>
+#include <uapi/linux/landlock.h>
+
+#include "object.h"
+
+#define _LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_LAST	LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MAKE_SYM
+#define _LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_MASK	((_LANDLOCK_ACCESS_FS_LAST << 1) - 1)
+
+/**
+ * struct landlock_rule - Access rights tied to an object
+ *
+ * When enforcing a ruleset (i.e. merging a ruleset into the current domain),
+ * the layer level of a new rule is the incremented top layer level (cf.
+ * &struct landlock_ruleset).  If there is no rule (from this domain) tied to
+ * the same object, then the depth of the new rule is 1. However, if there is
+ * already a rule tied to the same object and if this rule's layer level is the
+ * previous top layer level, then the depth and the layer level are both
+ * incremented and the rule is updated with the new access rights (boolean
+ * AND).
+ */
+struct landlock_rule {
+	/**
+	 * @node: Node in the red-black tree.
+	 */
+	struct rb_node node;
+	/**
+	 * @object: Pointer to identify a kernel object (e.g. an inode).  This
+	 * is used as a key for this ruleset element.  This pointer is set once
+	 * and never modified.  It always point to an allocated object because
+	 * each rule increment the refcount of there object.
+	 */
+	struct landlock_object *object;
+	/**
+	 * @access: Bitfield of allowed actions on the kernel object.  They are
+	 * relative to the object type (e.g. %LANDLOCK_ACTION_FS_READ).  This
+	 * may be the result of the merged access rights (boolean AND) from
+	 * multiple layers referring to the same object.
+	 */
+	u32 access;
+	/**
+	 * @layers: Bitfield to identify the layers which resulted to @access
+	 * from different consecutive intersections.
+	 */
+	u64 layers;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct landlock_hierarchy - Node in a ruleset hierarchy
+ */
+struct landlock_hierarchy {
+	/**
+	 * @parent: Pointer to the parent node, or NULL if it is a root Lanlock
+	 * domain.
+	 */
+	struct landlock_hierarchy *parent;
+	/**
+	 * @usage: Number of potential children domains plus their parent
+	 * domain.
+	 */
+	refcount_t usage;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct landlock_ruleset - Landlock ruleset
+ *
+ * This data structure must contains unique entries, be updatable, and quick to
+ * match an object.
+ */
+struct landlock_ruleset {
+	/**
+	 * @root: Root of a red-black tree containing &struct landlock_rule
+	 * nodes.
+	 */
+	struct rb_root root;
+	/**
+	 * @hierarchy: Enables hierarchy identification even when a parent
+	 * domain vanishes.  This is needed for the ptrace protection.
+	 */
+	struct landlock_hierarchy *hierarchy;
+	union {
+		/**
+		 * @work_free: Enables to free a ruleset within a lockless
+		 * section.  This is only used by
+		 * landlock_put_ruleset_deferred() when @usage reaches zero.
+		 * The fields @usage, @lock, @nb_layers, @nb_rules and
+		 * @fs_access_mask are then unused.
+		 */
+		struct work_struct work_free;
+		struct {
+			/**
+			 * @usage: Number of processes (i.e. domains) or file
+			 * descriptors referencing this ruleset.
+			 */
+			refcount_t usage;
+			/**
+			 * @lock: Guards against concurrent modifications of
+			 * @root, if @usage is greater than zero.
+			 */
+			struct mutex lock;
+			/**
+			 * @nb_rules: Number of non-overlapping (i.e. not for
+			 * the same object) rules in this ruleset.
+			 */
+			u32 nb_rules;
+			/**
+			 * @nb_layers: Number of layers which are used in this
+			 * ruleset.  This enables to check that all the layers
+			 * allow an access request.  A value of 0 identify a
+			 * non-merged ruleset (i.e. not a domain).
+			 */
+			u32 nb_layers;
+			/**
+			 * @fs_access_mask: Contains the subset of filesystem
+			 * actions which are restricted by a ruleset.  This is
+			 * used when merging rulesets and for userspace
+			 * backward compatibility (i.e. future-proof).  Set
+			 * once and never changed for the lifetime of the
+			 * ruleset.
+			 */
+			u32 fs_access_mask;
+		};
+	};
+};
+
+struct landlock_ruleset *landlock_create_ruleset(const u32 fs_access_mask);
+
+void landlock_put_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset);
+void landlock_put_ruleset_deferred(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset);
+
+int landlock_insert_rule(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset,
+		struct landlock_rule *const rule, const bool is_merge);
+
+struct landlock_ruleset *landlock_merge_ruleset(
+		struct landlock_ruleset *const parent,
+		struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset);
+
+const struct landlock_rule *landlock_find_rule(
+		const struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset,
+		const struct landlock_object *const object);
+
+static inline void landlock_get_ruleset(struct landlock_ruleset *const ruleset)
+{
+	if (ruleset)
+		refcount_inc(&ruleset->usage);
+}
+
+#endif /* _SECURITY_LANDLOCK_RULESET_H */