Message ID | 20220512022903.65346-3-takahiro.akashi@linaro.org |
---|---|
State | New |
Headers | show |
Series | efi_loader: bootmgr: fix a problem in loading an image from a short-path | expand |
On 5/12/22 04:29, AKASHI Takahiro wrote: > Booting from a short-form device path which starts with the first element > being a File Path Media Device Path failed because it doesn't contain > any valid device with simple file system protocol and efi_dp_find_obj() > in efi_load_image_from_path() will return NULL. > For instance, > /VenHw(e61d73b9-a384-4acc-aeab-82e828f3628b)/Scsi(0,0)/\helloworld.efi > -> shortened version: /\helloworld.efi > > With this patch applied, all the media devices with simple file system > protocol are enumerated and the boot manager attempts to boot temporarily > generated device paths one-by-one. > > This new implementation is still a bit incompatible with the UEFI > specification in terms of: > * not creating real boot options > * not try > "If a device does not support the EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL, but > supports the EFI_BLOCK_IO_PROTOCOL protocol, then the EFI Boot Service > ConnectController must be called for this device with DriverImageHandle > and RemainingDevicePath set to NULL and the Recursive flag is set to TRUE." We already have the ConnectController() logic in lib/efi_driver/. We just have to carry it to all block devices (in a future patch set). > (See section 3.1.2 "Load Option Processing".) > > But it still gives us a closer and better solution than the current. > > Fixes: commit 9cdf470274ff ("efi_loader: support booting via short-form device-path") > Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> > --- > lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c | 98 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- > 1 file changed, 94 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c b/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c > index 631a25d76e9e..3608e433503e 100644 > --- a/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c > +++ b/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c > @@ -76,6 +76,91 @@ struct efi_device_path *expand_media_path(struct efi_device_path *device_path) > return full_path; > } > The logic in this patch looks good to me. Just some nits: Please, provide a description of the function and its parameters. > +static efi_status_t __try_load(efi_handle_t *fs_handles, efi_uintn_t num, Please, use a name not starting with underscores conveying what the function is good for, e.g. efi_load_from_file_path(). > + struct efi_device_path *fp, > + efi_handle_t *handle, bool removable) > +{ > + struct efi_handler *handler; > + struct efi_device_path *dp; > + int i; > + efi_status_t ret; > + > + for (i = 0; i < num; i++) { > + if (removable && !efi_disk_is_removable(fs_handles[i])) > + continue; > + if (!removable && efi_disk_is_removable(fs_handles[i])) > + continue; > + > + ret = efi_search_protocol(fs_handles[i], &efi_guid_device_path, > + &handler); > + if (ret != EFI_SUCCESS) > + /* unlikely */ If you want to tell the compiler that this path is unlikely: if (unlikely(ret != EFI_SUCCESS)) But as this code is not called often I would simply remove the comment. > + continue; > + > + dp = handler->protocol_interface; > + if (!dp) > + /* unlikely */ ditto > + continue; > + > + dp = efi_dp_append(dp, fp); You are leaking the original dp here. Please, avoid memory leaks. > + if (!dp) > + /* unlikely */ if (unlikely( ? > + continue; > + > + ret = EFI_CALL(efi_load_image(true, efi_root, dp, NULL, 0, > + handle)); > + efi_free_pool(dp); > + if (ret == EFI_SUCCESS) > + return ret; > + } > + > + return EFI_NOT_FOUND; > +} > + > +/** > + * try_load_from_short_path > + * @fp: file path > + * @handle: pointer to handle for newly installed image > + * > + * Enumerate all the devices which support file system operations, > + * prepend its media device path to the file path, @fp, and > + * try to load the file. > + * This function should be called when handling a short-form path > + * which is starting with a file device path. > + * > + * Return: status code > + */ > +static efi_status_t try_load_from_short_path(struct efi_device_path *fp, > + efi_handle_t *handle) > +{ > + efi_handle_t *fs_handles; > + efi_uintn_t num; > + efi_status_t ret; > + > + ret = EFI_CALL(efi_locate_handle_buffer( > + BY_PROTOCOL, > + &efi_simple_file_system_protocol_guid, > + NULL, > + &num, &fs_handles)); > + if (ret != EFI_SUCCESS) > + return ret; > + if (!num) > + return EFI_NOT_FOUND; > + > + /* removable media first */ > + ret = __try_load(fs_handles, num, fp, handle, true); > + if (ret == EFI_SUCCESS) > + goto out; > + > + /* fixed media */ > + ret = __try_load(fs_handles, num, fp, handle, false); > + if (ret == EFI_SUCCESS) > + goto out; > + > +out: > + return ret; > +} > + > /** > * try_load_entry() - try to load image for boot option > * > @@ -116,10 +201,15 @@ static efi_status_t try_load_entry(u16 n, efi_handle_t *handle, > log_debug("trying to load \"%ls\" from %pD\n", lo.label, > lo.file_path); > > - file_path = expand_media_path(lo.file_path); > - ret = EFI_CALL(efi_load_image(true, efi_root, file_path, > - NULL, 0, handle)); > - efi_free_pool(file_path); > + if (EFI_DP_TYPE(lo.file_path, MEDIA_DEVICE, FILE_PATH)) { > + /* file_path doesn't contain a device path */ %s/device path/device part/ In UEFI speak a file_path is a device path. Best regards Heinrich > + ret = try_load_from_short_path(lo.file_path, handle); > + } else { > + file_path = expand_media_path(lo.file_path); > + ret = EFI_CALL(efi_load_image(true, efi_root, file_path, > + NULL, 0, handle)); > + efi_free_pool(file_path); > + } > if (ret != EFI_SUCCESS) { > log_warning("Loading %ls '%ls' failed\n", > varname, lo.label);
On Thu, May 12, 2022 at 08:50:34AM +0200, Heinrich Schuchardt wrote: > On 5/12/22 04:29, AKASHI Takahiro wrote: > > Booting from a short-form device path which starts with the first element > > being a File Path Media Device Path failed because it doesn't contain > > any valid device with simple file system protocol and efi_dp_find_obj() > > in efi_load_image_from_path() will return NULL. > > For instance, > > /VenHw(e61d73b9-a384-4acc-aeab-82e828f3628b)/Scsi(0,0)/\helloworld.efi > > -> shortened version: /\helloworld.efi > > > > With this patch applied, all the media devices with simple file system > > protocol are enumerated and the boot manager attempts to boot temporarily > > generated device paths one-by-one. > > > > This new implementation is still a bit incompatible with the UEFI > > specification in terms of: > > * not creating real boot options > > * not try > > "If a device does not support the EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL, but > > supports the EFI_BLOCK_IO_PROTOCOL protocol, then the EFI Boot Service > > ConnectController must be called for this device with DriverImageHandle > > and RemainingDevicePath set to NULL and the Recursive flag is set to TRUE." > > We already have the ConnectController() logic in lib/efi_driver/. We > just have to carry it to all block devices (in a future patch set). > > > (See section 3.1.2 "Load Option Processing".) > > > > But it still gives us a closer and better solution than the current. > > > > Fixes: commit 9cdf470274ff ("efi_loader: support booting via short-form device-path") > > Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> > > --- > > lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c | 98 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- > > 1 file changed, 94 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) > > > > diff --git a/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c b/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c > > index 631a25d76e9e..3608e433503e 100644 > > --- a/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c > > +++ b/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c > > @@ -76,6 +76,91 @@ struct efi_device_path *expand_media_path(struct efi_device_path *device_path) > > return full_path; > > } > > > > The logic in this patch looks good to me. Just some nits: > > Please, provide a description of the function and its parameters. I don't think we need a description here because, as you can see, __try_load() is an inner function and intended to be called only from try_load_from_short_path(). The purpose of extracting it is to avoid a duplicated code to go though a list of handles *twice*, for removable media and for fixed media. The description of try_load_from_short_path() covers both. > > +static efi_status_t __try_load(efi_handle_t *fs_handles, efi_uintn_t num, > > Please, use a name not starting with underscores conveying what the > function is good for, e.g. efi_load_from_file_path(). > > > + struct efi_device_path *fp, > > + efi_handle_t *handle, bool removable) > > +{ > > + struct efi_handler *handler; > > + struct efi_device_path *dp; > > + int i; > > + efi_status_t ret; > > + > > + for (i = 0; i < num; i++) { > > + if (removable && !efi_disk_is_removable(fs_handles[i])) > > + continue; > > + if (!removable && efi_disk_is_removable(fs_handles[i])) > > + continue; > > + > > + ret = efi_search_protocol(fs_handles[i], &efi_guid_device_path, > > + &handler); > > + if (ret != EFI_SUCCESS) > > + /* unlikely */ > > If you want to tell the compiler that this path is unlikely: > > if (unlikely(ret != EFI_SUCCESS)) > > But as this code is not called often I would simply remove the comment. > > > + continue; > > + > > + dp = handler->protocol_interface; > > + if (!dp) > > + /* unlikely */ > > ditto > > > + continue; > > + > > + dp = efi_dp_append(dp, fp); > > You are leaking the original dp here. Please, avoid memory leaks. Actually, not. The original dp comes from "handler->protocol_interface" and it should exist while the associated handle, (fs_handles[i]), exists. -Takahiro Akashi > > > + if (!dp) > > + /* unlikely */ > > if (unlikely( ? > > > + continue; > > + > > + ret = EFI_CALL(efi_load_image(true, efi_root, dp, NULL, 0, > > + handle)); > > + efi_free_pool(dp); > > + if (ret == EFI_SUCCESS) > > + return ret; > > + } > > + > > + return EFI_NOT_FOUND; > > +} > > + > > +/** > > + * try_load_from_short_path > > + * @fp: file path > > + * @handle: pointer to handle for newly installed image > > + * > > + * Enumerate all the devices which support file system operations, > > + * prepend its media device path to the file path, @fp, and > > + * try to load the file. > > + * This function should be called when handling a short-form path > > + * which is starting with a file device path. > > + * > > + * Return: status code > > + */ > > +static efi_status_t try_load_from_short_path(struct efi_device_path *fp, > > + efi_handle_t *handle) > > +{ > > + efi_handle_t *fs_handles; > > + efi_uintn_t num; > > + efi_status_t ret; > > + > > + ret = EFI_CALL(efi_locate_handle_buffer( > > + BY_PROTOCOL, > > + &efi_simple_file_system_protocol_guid, > > + NULL, > > + &num, &fs_handles)); > > + if (ret != EFI_SUCCESS) > > + return ret; > > + if (!num) > > + return EFI_NOT_FOUND; > > + > > + /* removable media first */ > > + ret = __try_load(fs_handles, num, fp, handle, true); > > + if (ret == EFI_SUCCESS) > > + goto out; > > + > > + /* fixed media */ > > + ret = __try_load(fs_handles, num, fp, handle, false); > > + if (ret == EFI_SUCCESS) > > + goto out; > > + > > +out: > > + return ret; > > +} > > + > > /** > > * try_load_entry() - try to load image for boot option > > * > > @@ -116,10 +201,15 @@ static efi_status_t try_load_entry(u16 n, efi_handle_t *handle, > > log_debug("trying to load \"%ls\" from %pD\n", lo.label, > > lo.file_path); > > > > - file_path = expand_media_path(lo.file_path); > > - ret = EFI_CALL(efi_load_image(true, efi_root, file_path, > > - NULL, 0, handle)); > > - efi_free_pool(file_path); > > + if (EFI_DP_TYPE(lo.file_path, MEDIA_DEVICE, FILE_PATH)) { > > + /* file_path doesn't contain a device path */ > > %s/device path/device part/ > > In UEFI speak a file_path is a device path. > > Best regards > > Heinrich > > > + ret = try_load_from_short_path(lo.file_path, handle); > > + } else { > > + file_path = expand_media_path(lo.file_path); > > + ret = EFI_CALL(efi_load_image(true, efi_root, file_path, > > + NULL, 0, handle)); > > + efi_free_pool(file_path); > > + } > > if (ret != EFI_SUCCESS) { > > log_warning("Loading %ls '%ls' failed\n", > > varname, lo.label);
Am 12. Mai 2022 09:25:46 MESZ schrieb AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org>: >On Thu, May 12, 2022 at 08:50:34AM +0200, Heinrich Schuchardt wrote: >> On 5/12/22 04:29, AKASHI Takahiro wrote: >> > Booting from a short-form device path which starts with the first element >> > being a File Path Media Device Path failed because it doesn't contain >> > any valid device with simple file system protocol and efi_dp_find_obj() >> > in efi_load_image_from_path() will return NULL. >> > For instance, >> > /VenHw(e61d73b9-a384-4acc-aeab-82e828f3628b)/Scsi(0,0)/\helloworld.efi >> > -> shortened version: /\helloworld.efi >> > >> > With this patch applied, all the media devices with simple file system >> > protocol are enumerated and the boot manager attempts to boot temporarily >> > generated device paths one-by-one. >> > >> > This new implementation is still a bit incompatible with the UEFI >> > specification in terms of: >> > * not creating real boot options >> > * not try >> > "If a device does not support the EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL, but >> > supports the EFI_BLOCK_IO_PROTOCOL protocol, then the EFI Boot Service >> > ConnectController must be called for this device with DriverImageHandle >> > and RemainingDevicePath set to NULL and the Recursive flag is set to TRUE." >> >> We already have the ConnectController() logic in lib/efi_driver/. We >> just have to carry it to all block devices (in a future patch set). >> >> > (See section 3.1.2 "Load Option Processing".) >> > >> > But it still gives us a closer and better solution than the current. >> > >> > Fixes: commit 9cdf470274ff ("efi_loader: support booting via short-form device-path") >> > Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> >> > --- >> > lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c | 98 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- >> > 1 file changed, 94 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) >> > >> > diff --git a/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c b/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c >> > index 631a25d76e9e..3608e433503e 100644 >> > --- a/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c >> > +++ b/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c >> > @@ -76,6 +76,91 @@ struct efi_device_path *expand_media_path(struct efi_device_path *device_path) >> > return full_path; >> > } >> > >> >> The logic in this patch looks good to me. Just some nits: >> >> Please, provide a description of the function and its parameters. > >I don't think we need a description here because, as you can see, >__try_load() is an inner function and intended to be called only from >try_load_from_short_path(). The purpose of extracting it is to avoid >a duplicated code to go though a list of handles *twice*, >for removable media and for fixed media. > >The description of try_load_from_short_path() covers both. Please, provide a description to let me accept the patch. Best regards Heinrich > >> > +static efi_status_t __try_load(efi_handle_t *fs_handles, efi_uintn_t num, >> >> Please, use a name not starting with underscores conveying what the >> function is good for, e.g. efi_load_from_file_path(). >> >> > + struct efi_device_path *fp, >> > + efi_handle_t *handle, bool removable) >> > +{ >> > + struct efi_handler *handler; >> > + struct efi_device_path *dp; >> > + int i; >> > + efi_status_t ret; >> > + >> > + for (i = 0; i < num; i++) { >> > + if (removable && !efi_disk_is_removable(fs_handles[i])) >> > + continue; >> > + if (!removable && efi_disk_is_removable(fs_handles[i])) >> > + continue; >> > + >> > + ret = efi_search_protocol(fs_handles[i], &efi_guid_device_path, >> > + &handler); >> > + if (ret != EFI_SUCCESS) >> > + /* unlikely */ >> >> If you want to tell the compiler that this path is unlikely: >> >> if (unlikely(ret != EFI_SUCCESS)) >> >> But as this code is not called often I would simply remove the comment. >> >> > + continue; >> > + >> > + dp = handler->protocol_interface; >> > + if (!dp) >> > + /* unlikely */ >> >> ditto >> >> > + continue; >> > + >> > + dp = efi_dp_append(dp, fp); >> >> You are leaking the original dp here. Please, avoid memory leaks. > >Actually, not. >The original dp comes from "handler->protocol_interface" and it should >exist while the associated handle, (fs_handles[i]), exists. > >-Takahiro Akashi > >> >> > + if (!dp) >> > + /* unlikely */ >> >> if (unlikely( ? >> >> > + continue; >> > + >> > + ret = EFI_CALL(efi_load_image(true, efi_root, dp, NULL, 0, >> > + handle)); >> > + efi_free_pool(dp); >> > + if (ret == EFI_SUCCESS) >> > + return ret; >> > + } >> > + >> > + return EFI_NOT_FOUND; >> > +} >> > + >> > +/** >> > + * try_load_from_short_path >> > + * @fp: file path >> > + * @handle: pointer to handle for newly installed image >> > + * >> > + * Enumerate all the devices which support file system operations, >> > + * prepend its media device path to the file path, @fp, and >> > + * try to load the file. >> > + * This function should be called when handling a short-form path >> > + * which is starting with a file device path. >> > + * >> > + * Return: status code >> > + */ >> > +static efi_status_t try_load_from_short_path(struct efi_device_path *fp, >> > + efi_handle_t *handle) >> > +{ >> > + efi_handle_t *fs_handles; >> > + efi_uintn_t num; >> > + efi_status_t ret; >> > + >> > + ret = EFI_CALL(efi_locate_handle_buffer( >> > + BY_PROTOCOL, >> > + &efi_simple_file_system_protocol_guid, >> > + NULL, >> > + &num, &fs_handles)); >> > + if (ret != EFI_SUCCESS) >> > + return ret; >> > + if (!num) >> > + return EFI_NOT_FOUND; >> > + >> > + /* removable media first */ >> > + ret = __try_load(fs_handles, num, fp, handle, true); >> > + if (ret == EFI_SUCCESS) >> > + goto out; >> > + >> > + /* fixed media */ >> > + ret = __try_load(fs_handles, num, fp, handle, false); >> > + if (ret == EFI_SUCCESS) >> > + goto out; >> > + >> > +out: >> > + return ret; >> > +} >> > + >> > /** >> > * try_load_entry() - try to load image for boot option >> > * >> > @@ -116,10 +201,15 @@ static efi_status_t try_load_entry(u16 n, efi_handle_t *handle, >> > log_debug("trying to load \"%ls\" from %pD\n", lo.label, >> > lo.file_path); >> > >> > - file_path = expand_media_path(lo.file_path); >> > - ret = EFI_CALL(efi_load_image(true, efi_root, file_path, >> > - NULL, 0, handle)); >> > - efi_free_pool(file_path); >> > + if (EFI_DP_TYPE(lo.file_path, MEDIA_DEVICE, FILE_PATH)) { >> > + /* file_path doesn't contain a device path */ >> >> %s/device path/device part/ >> >> In UEFI speak a file_path is a device path. >> >> Best regards >> >> Heinrich >> >> > + ret = try_load_from_short_path(lo.file_path, handle); >> > + } else { >> > + file_path = expand_media_path(lo.file_path); >> > + ret = EFI_CALL(efi_load_image(true, efi_root, file_path, >> > + NULL, 0, handle)); >> > + efi_free_pool(file_path); >> > + } >> > if (ret != EFI_SUCCESS) { >> > log_warning("Loading %ls '%ls' failed\n", >> > varname, lo.label);
diff --git a/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c b/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c index 631a25d76e9e..3608e433503e 100644 --- a/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c +++ b/lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c @@ -76,6 +76,91 @@ struct efi_device_path *expand_media_path(struct efi_device_path *device_path) return full_path; } +static efi_status_t __try_load(efi_handle_t *fs_handles, efi_uintn_t num, + struct efi_device_path *fp, + efi_handle_t *handle, bool removable) +{ + struct efi_handler *handler; + struct efi_device_path *dp; + int i; + efi_status_t ret; + + for (i = 0; i < num; i++) { + if (removable && !efi_disk_is_removable(fs_handles[i])) + continue; + if (!removable && efi_disk_is_removable(fs_handles[i])) + continue; + + ret = efi_search_protocol(fs_handles[i], &efi_guid_device_path, + &handler); + if (ret != EFI_SUCCESS) + /* unlikely */ + continue; + + dp = handler->protocol_interface; + if (!dp) + /* unlikely */ + continue; + + dp = efi_dp_append(dp, fp); + if (!dp) + /* unlikely */ + continue; + + ret = EFI_CALL(efi_load_image(true, efi_root, dp, NULL, 0, + handle)); + efi_free_pool(dp); + if (ret == EFI_SUCCESS) + return ret; + } + + return EFI_NOT_FOUND; +} + +/** + * try_load_from_short_path + * @fp: file path + * @handle: pointer to handle for newly installed image + * + * Enumerate all the devices which support file system operations, + * prepend its media device path to the file path, @fp, and + * try to load the file. + * This function should be called when handling a short-form path + * which is starting with a file device path. + * + * Return: status code + */ +static efi_status_t try_load_from_short_path(struct efi_device_path *fp, + efi_handle_t *handle) +{ + efi_handle_t *fs_handles; + efi_uintn_t num; + efi_status_t ret; + + ret = EFI_CALL(efi_locate_handle_buffer( + BY_PROTOCOL, + &efi_simple_file_system_protocol_guid, + NULL, + &num, &fs_handles)); + if (ret != EFI_SUCCESS) + return ret; + if (!num) + return EFI_NOT_FOUND; + + /* removable media first */ + ret = __try_load(fs_handles, num, fp, handle, true); + if (ret == EFI_SUCCESS) + goto out; + + /* fixed media */ + ret = __try_load(fs_handles, num, fp, handle, false); + if (ret == EFI_SUCCESS) + goto out; + +out: + return ret; +} + /** * try_load_entry() - try to load image for boot option * @@ -116,10 +201,15 @@ static efi_status_t try_load_entry(u16 n, efi_handle_t *handle, log_debug("trying to load \"%ls\" from %pD\n", lo.label, lo.file_path); - file_path = expand_media_path(lo.file_path); - ret = EFI_CALL(efi_load_image(true, efi_root, file_path, - NULL, 0, handle)); - efi_free_pool(file_path); + if (EFI_DP_TYPE(lo.file_path, MEDIA_DEVICE, FILE_PATH)) { + /* file_path doesn't contain a device path */ + ret = try_load_from_short_path(lo.file_path, handle); + } else { + file_path = expand_media_path(lo.file_path); + ret = EFI_CALL(efi_load_image(true, efi_root, file_path, + NULL, 0, handle)); + efi_free_pool(file_path); + } if (ret != EFI_SUCCESS) { log_warning("Loading %ls '%ls' failed\n", varname, lo.label);
Booting from a short-form device path which starts with the first element being a File Path Media Device Path failed because it doesn't contain any valid device with simple file system protocol and efi_dp_find_obj() in efi_load_image_from_path() will return NULL. For instance, /VenHw(e61d73b9-a384-4acc-aeab-82e828f3628b)/Scsi(0,0)/\helloworld.efi -> shortened version: /\helloworld.efi With this patch applied, all the media devices with simple file system protocol are enumerated and the boot manager attempts to boot temporarily generated device paths one-by-one. This new implementation is still a bit incompatible with the UEFI specification in terms of: * not creating real boot options * not try "If a device does not support the EFI_SIMPLE_FILE_SYSTEM_PROTOCOL, but supports the EFI_BLOCK_IO_PROTOCOL protocol, then the EFI Boot Service ConnectController must be called for this device with DriverImageHandle and RemainingDevicePath set to NULL and the Recursive flag is set to TRUE." (See section 3.1.2 "Load Option Processing".) But it still gives us a closer and better solution than the current. Fixes: commit 9cdf470274ff ("efi_loader: support booting via short-form device-path") Signed-off-by: AKASHI Takahiro <takahiro.akashi@linaro.org> --- lib/efi_loader/efi_bootmgr.c | 98 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 94 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)